Table 1. Sample description and univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with admission to hospital and mortality.
| Hospitalisation | Mortality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | COVID-19 cases n (%) | Hospitalised n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Deceased n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
| Age | |||||||
| Less than 18 | 11,669 (6.2) | 1,204 (10.3) | Reference | Reference | 14 (0.1) | Reference | Reference |
| Between 18–25 | 11,932 (6.3) | 621 (5.2) | 0.48 (0.43–0.53) | 0.48 (0.44–0.53) | 13 (0.1) | 0.91 (0.43–1.93) | 0.95 (0.45–2.03) |
| Between 25–40 | 68,196 (36.2) | 7,357 (10.8) | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 1.03 (0.96–1.09) | 348 (0.5) | 4.27 (2.50–7.29) | 4.35 (2.55–7.43) |
| Between 40–65 | 78,031 (41.4) | 17,384 (22.3) | 2.49 (2.34–2.65) | 1.84 (1.73–1.96) | 2,674 (3.4) | 29.54 (17.46–49.96) | 23.12 (13.65–39.14) |
| Greater than 65 | 18,464 (9.8) | 8,901 (48.2) | 8.09 (7.57–8.64) | 4.31 (4.02–4.62) | 3,202 (17.3) | 174.66 (103.27–295.41) | 108.26 (63.85–183.57) |
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 102,184 (54.3) | 17,431 (17.1) | Reference | Reference | 2525 (2.5) | Reference | Reference |
| Male | 86,108 (45.7) | 18,036 (20.9) | 1.29 (1.26–1.32) | 1.19 (1.17–1.23) | 3726 (4.3) | 1.78 (1.69–1.88) | 1.61 (1.52–1.69) |
| Province | |||||||
| Western Cape | 37,283 (19.9) | 7,248 (19.4) | Reference | Reference | 1,183 (3.2) | Reference | Reference |
| Eastern Cape | 11,962 (6.4) | 1,902 (15.9) | 0.78 (0.74–0.83) | 1.06 (0.93–1.20) | 461 (3.9) | 1.22 (1.09–1.36) | 1.48 (1.28–1.72) |
| Free State | 5,730 (3.0) | 1,078 (18.8) | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) | 0.86 (0.77–0.97) | 145 (2.5) | 0.79 (0.66–0.94) | 0.96 (0.77–1.19) |
| Gauteng | 76,249 (40.9) | 13,514 (17.7) | 0.89 (0.86–0.92) | 0.89 (0.82–0.96) | 2,278 (3.0) | 0.94 (0.87–1.01) | 1.26 (1.13–1.39) |
| KwaZulu-Natal | 34,856 (18.7) | 7,705 (22.1) | 1.17 (1.13–1.22) | 1.06 (0.97–1.17) | 1,604 (4.6) | 1.47 (1.36–1.59) | 1.75 (1.58–1.93) |
| Limpopo | 4,091 (2.2) | 717 (17.5) | 0.88 (0.81–0.96) | 1.21 (1.07–1.38) | 114 (2.8) | 0.87 (0.72–1.06) | 1.48 (1.19–1.84) |
| Mpumalanga | 7,096 (3.8) | 1,279 (18.0) | 0.91 (0.85–0.97) | 0.99 (0.90–1.11) | 184 (2.6) | 0.81 (0.69–0.95) | 1.13 (0.95–1.35) |
| North West | 6,184 (3.3) | 1,316 (21.3) | 1.12 (1.05–1.12) | 1.04 (0.93–1.17) | 186 (3.0) | 0.95 (0.81–1.11) | 1.29 (1.08–1.54) |
| Northern Cape | 3,038 (1.6) | 599 (19.7) | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 1.14 (1.02–1.29) | 79 (2.6) | 0.81 (0.65–1.03) | 1.36 (1.06–1.74) |
| # of comorbidities | |||||||
| 0 | 123,507 (65.6) | 15,110 (12.2) | Reference | Reference | 1,757 (1.4) | Reference | Reference |
| 1 | 30,668 (16.3) | 6,758 (22.0) | 2.03 (1.96–2.09) | 1.52 (1.47–1.57) | 1,100 (3.6) | 2.58 (2.39–2.78) | 1.29 (1.19–1.40) |
| 2 | 17,105 (9.1) | 5,744 (33.6) | 3.63 (3.49–3.76) | 2.19 (2.11–2.28) | 1,252 (7.3) | 5.47 (5.08–5.89) | 1.79 (1.65–1.94) |
| 3 | 10,382 (5.5) | 4,243 (40.9) | 4.96 (4.75–5.17) | 2.64 (2.52–2.77) | 1,098 (10.6) | 8.19 (7.58–8.86) | 2.13 (1.96–2.33) |
| >3 | 6,630 (3.5) | 3,612 (54.5) | 8.58 (8.16–9.04) | 3.97 (3.76–4.21) | 1,044 (15.7) | 12.96 (11.94–14.04) | 2.64 (2.41–2.89) |
| Pandemic wave | |||||||
| Pre-Wave 1 | 4,882 (2.59) | 1,091 (22.3) | 1.42 (1.33–1.53) | 1.49 (1.38–1.61) | 186 (3.8) | 1.35 (1.15–1.57) | 1.39 (1.18–1.64) |
| Wave 1 | 70,742 (37.57) | 11,884 (16.8) | Reference | Reference | 2,021 (2.9) | Reference | Reference |
| Post-wave 1 | 16,475 (8.75) | 3,662 (22.2) | 1.41 (1.36–1.47) | 1.47 (1.41–1.54) | 386 (2.3) | 0.81 (0.73–0.91) | 0.72 (0.64–0.81) |
| Wave 2 | 96,193 (51.09) | 18,380 (19.6) | 1.20 (1.17–1.24) | 1.18 (1.15–1.21) | 3,658 (3.8) | 1.34 (1.27–1.42) | 1.21 (1.14–1.28) |
| Medical insurance cover level | |||||||
| Level 1 | 26,512 (14.3) | 4,796 (18.1) | Reference | 856 (3.2) | Reference | ||
| Level 2 | 22,460 (12.1) | 4,554 (20.3) | 1.15 (1.10–1.20) | 804 (3.6) | 1.11 (1.01–1.23) | ||
| Level 3 | 113,721 (61.3) | 21,088 (18.5) | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | 3,531 (3.1) | 0.96 (0.89–1.04) | ||
| Level 4 | 22,835 (12.3) | 4833 (21.2) | 1.22 (1.16–1.27) | 1,019 (4.5) | 1.39 (1.28–1.53) | ||
| Total | 188,292 | 35,467 (18.84) | 6,251 (3.32) | ||||
OR = odds ratio.