TABLE 5.
Fixed-Effects Estimates (at Postassessment and Follow-Up Assessment Phases) With 95% CIs for Psychological and Cognitive Outcome Measures
| Outcome Measures | Value | SE | Cls | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychological variables | |||||
| HADS | |||||
| Tot. | |||||
| (Intercept) | 10.09 | 0.91 | 8.31 to 11.87 | 11.09 | 0.042 |
| 3-mo follow-up | −1.33 | 2.078 | −5.41 to 2.73 | −0.642 | 0.62 |
| 6-mo follow-up | −3.09 | 1.708 | −6.44 to 0.259 | −1.808 | 0.16 |
| 12-mo follow-up | −2.27 | 1.772 | −5.45 to 1.198 | −1.284 | 0.35 |
| (Intercept) | 10.41 | 0.706 | 9.02 to 11.80 | 14.74 | <.001 |
| Group | 1.4 | 1.089 | −0.730 to 3.54 | 1.29 | 0.23 |
| HADS-A | |||||
| (Intercept) | 5.715 | 0.823 | 4.10 to 7.32 | 6.943 | 0.088 |
| 3-mo follow-up | −1.278 | 1.184 | −3.60 to 1.043 | −1.079 | 0.042 |
| 6-mo follow-up | −2.293 | 1.09 | −4.43 to −0.157 | −2.104 | 0.079 |
| 12-mo follow-up | −0.978 | 1.18 | −3.29 to 1.334 | −0.829 | 0.50 |
| (Intercept) | 5.9 | 0.492 | 4.93 to 6.86 | 11.98 | <.001 |
| Group | 1.54 | 0.702 | 0.167 to 2.92 | 2.2 | 0.039 |
| HADS-D | |||||
| (Intercept) | 4.43 | 0.277 | 3.89 to 4.97 | 15.99 | <.001 |
| 3-mo follow-up | 0.061 | 0.914 | −1.73 to 1.85 | 0.0675 | 0.96 |
| 6-mo follow-up | −0.082 | 0.835 | −2.47 to 0.80 | −0.9935 | 0.40 |
| 12-mo follow-up | −1.3592 | 0.748 | −2.83 to 0.107 | −1.81 | 0.15 |
| (Intercept) | 4.56 | 0.327 | 3.92 to 5.202 | 13.967 | 0.005 |
| Group | −0.058 | 0.496 | −1.03 to 0.914 | −0.117 | 0.91 |
| EQ-5D | |||||
| Algorithm | |||||
| (Intercept) | 1.07 | 0.901466 | −0.70 to 2.84 | 1,188 | 0.23 |
| 3-mo follow-up | 0.1108 | 1.01 | −1.93 to 2.15 | 0.109 | 0.91 |
| 6-mo follow-up | −0.41 | 1.02 | −2.42 to 1.59 | −0.405 | 0.68 |
| 12-mo follow-up | −0.31 | 1.01 | −2.31 to 1.68 | −0.31 | 0.75 |
| (Intercept) | 0.58 | 0.114137 | 0.36 to 0.81 | 5.15 | <.000 |
| Group | -0.40 | 0.1535 | −0.70 to −0.10 | −2.631 | <.009 |
| VAS | |||||
| (Intercept) | 62.68 | 1.72 | 59.30 to 66 | 36.46 | <.001 |
| 3-mo follow-up | 2.58 | 6.03 | −9.23 to 14.4 | 0.428 | 0.73 |
| 6-mo follow-up 6-mo follow-up | 12.46 | 6.68 | −0.62 to 25.6 | 1.866 | 0.28 |
| 12-mo follow-up | 6.19 | 5.72 | −5.02 to 17.4 | 1.082 | 0.44 |
| (Intercept) | 62.21 | 3.85 | 57.12 to 67.30 | 23.96 | <.001 |
| Group | −1.57 | 3.85 | −9.13 to 5.98 | −0.408 | 0.70 |
| QAF | |||||
| Tot. | |||||
| (Intercept) | 54.10 | 0.494 | 53.14 to 55.08 | 109.53 | <.001 |
| 3-mo follow-up | 0.986 | 1.159 | −1.29 to 3.26 | 0.851 | 0.40 |
| 6-mo follow-up | 0.325 | 1.327 | −2.28 to 2.93 | 0.244 | 0.81 |
| 12-mo follow-up | −0.448 | 1.248 | −2.89 to 2 | −0.359 | 0.72 |
| (Intercept) | 54.09 | 0.437 | 53.24 to 54.95 | 123.83 | <.001 |
| Group | −0.66 | 0.874 | −2.38 to 1.05 | −0.762 | 0.45 |
| B-IPQ | |||||
| (Intercept) | 38.51 | 1.93 | 34.73 to 42.29 | 19.984 | 0.026 |
| 3-mo follow-up | −2.09 | 2.55 | −7.08 to 2.90 | −0.822 | 0.046 |
| 6-mo follow-up | −7.95 | 4.78 | −17.32 to 1.42 | −1.663 | 0.33 |
| 12-mo follow-up | −5.79 | 6.42 | −18.36 to 6.79 | −0.902 | 0.53 |
| (Intercept) | 351.153 | 1.8192 | 31.51 to 38.72 | 19.302 | .000 |
| Group | 73.10 | 2.4761 | 2.40 to 12.21 | 2.953 | .004 |
| ROSES | |||||
| (Intercept) | 32.92 | 0.419 | 32.10 to 33.74 | 78.65 | <.001 |
| 3-mo follow-up | 1.53 | 1.329 | −1.072 to 4.14 | 1.15 | 0.41 |
| 6-mo follow-up | 3.72 | 1.494 | 0.796 to 6.65 | 2.49 | 0.16 |
| 12-mo follow-up | 0.055 | 2.55 | −4.94 to 5.06 | 0.02 | 0.99 |
| (Intercept) | 32.81 | 0.759 | 31.32 to 34.3 | 43.2 | <.001 |
| Group | 0.803 | 1.25 | −1.65 to 3.25 | 0.64 | 0.56 |
| Cognitive variables | |||||
| MMSE | |||||
| (Intercept) | 26.7 | 0.909 | 25.18 to 28.75 | 29.66 | <.001 |
| 3-mo follow-up | 1.06 | 3.441 | −5.68 to 7.8 | 0.308 | 0.76 |
| 6-mo follow-up | 2 | 0.932 | 0.17 to 3.82 | 2.141 | 0.034 |
| 12-mo follow-up | 1.06 | 0.888 | −0.8 to 2.8 | 1.193 | 0.23 |
| (Intercept) | 26.73 | 0.581 | 25.59 to 27.87 | 45.97 | <.001 |
| Group | 0.183 | 0.636 | −2.49 | 0.287 | 0.77 |
| MMSE Adj. | |||||
| (Intercept) | 26.973 | 0.944 | 25.12 to 28.82 | 28.568 | 0.995 |
| 3-mo follow-up | 1.591 | 3.711 | −5.68 to 8.86 | 0.429 | 1 |
| 6-mo follow-up | 1.583 | 2.102 | −2.54 to 5.7 | 0.753 | 0.46 |
| 12-mo follow-up | −0.949 | 2.406 | −5.66 to 3.77 | −0.394 | 0.76 |
| (Intercept) | 26.29 | 0.69 | 24.93 to 27.65 | 37.96 | <.001 |
| Group | 1.32 | 1.58 | −1.79 to 4.43 | 0.83 | 0.51 |
| ACE-R | |||||
| Tot. | |||||
| (Intercept) | 78.49 | 4.13 | 70.41 to 86.6 | 19.02 | 0.37 |
| 3-mo follow-up | 4.11 | 15.59 | −26.44 to 34.7 | 0.26 | 0.90 |
| 6-mo follow-up | 10.24 | 4.34 | 1.73 to 18.7 | 2.36 | 0.02 |
| 12-mo follow-up | 4.05 | 4.02 | −3.83 to 11.9 | 1.007 | 0.32 |
| (Intercept) | 77.53 | 2.85 | 71.95 to 83.12 | 27.21 | 0.002 |
| Group | 1.71 | 2.94 | −11.52 | 0.582 | 0.57 |
| DI | |||||
| (Intercept) | 1.27 | 0.494 | 0.305 to 2.24 | 2.58 | 0.23 |
| 3-mo follow-up | −1.54 | 0.638 | −2.78 to −0.28 | −2.41 | 0.099 |
| 6-mo follow-up | −2.39 | 0.629 | −3.62 to −1.61 | −3.81 | <.001 |
| 12-mo follow-up | −2.41 | 0.669 | −3.72 to −1.10 | −3.61 | 0.022 |
| (Intercept) | 1.307 | 0.607 | 0.11 to 2.50 | 2.15 | 0.11 |
| Group | 0.93 | 0.439 | 0.07 to 1.79 | 2.12 | 0.036 |
CIs = confidence intervals; CG=Control Group; SE = standard error; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Tot. = total score; HADS-A = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—Anxiety; HADS-D = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—Depression; EG= Experimental Group; EQ-5D = EuroQoL-5D Questionnaire; VAS = visual analog scale; QAF = Questionnaire on Adhesion to Pharmacological and Dietetic Therapy; B-IPQ = Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire; ROSES = Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale; MMSE = Mini Mental Status Examination; MMSE Adj. = Mini Mental Status Examination corrected; ACE-R = Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Test—Revised; DI = Delirium Index.
Bold indicates statistically significant.