FIGURE 2.

Meta-analysis of observational studies reporting the association between healthy dietary pattern indices/scores and the risk of sarcopenia or risk of change in intermediate markers of sarcopenia. Note: Effect sizes show the ratio of the odds of a probable sarcopenic outcome among individuals in the high-adherence diet cohort to a relative to the low-adherence diet cohort. Solid circle sizes indicate the variance-based study weight. Solid diamond markers indicate aggregated weighted results. See Supplemental Table 9 for reported association between all dietary pattern types and risk of sarcopenia. See Supplemental Table 10 for heterogeneity statistics and results of subgroup and sensitivity analyses. *Only Shivappa's DII results from Laclaustra et al. (19) included. ADQ, Adult Diet Quality Score; BSD, Baltic Sea Diet; CR, change in chair rises per minute; DII, Dietary Inflammatory Index; DVS, Dietary Variety Score; E-DII, Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index; (F), women; GAS, gait speed; HG, change in hand grip; (M), men; MDS, Mediterranean Diet Scale; MED, Mediterranean Diet adherence score; MEDAS, Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener; mHDI, modified Healthy Diet Indicator; NDS, Nordic diet score; SB, standing balance; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; (s), slow speed; SRCP, sarcopenia diagnosis; (u), usual speed.