TABLE 2.
Characteristics of randomized controlled trials included in the systematic review1
| First author, year (ref) | Country | Population/cohort | No. enrolled | % Male | Mean age at baseline, y | Dietary pattern(s) | Duration | Sarcopenia | Skeletal muscle mass | Self-reported muscle performance | Objective muscle performance | Muscle strength | ROB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baker et al., 20192 (54) | USA | Recreationally active subjects | 11 | 36 | 28 ± 3 | MEDAS3 | 4 d | NA | NA | NA | 5-km run time | Hand grip | Some concerns |
| Western diet | Vertical jump height | ||||||||||||
| Wingate anaerobic cycle test | |||||||||||||
| Castaneda et al., 1995 (55) | USA | Healthy sedentary to moderately active females | 12 | 0 | P group (71 ± 2) | P group: 1.47g protein/kg body cell mass/d (7% protein) | 9 wk | NA | NA | NA | NA | Chest press | Some concerns |
| 2P group (72 ± 1) | 2P group: 2.94 g protein/kg body cell mass/d (13% protein) | Leg extensor | |||||||||||
| Hand grip | |||||||||||||
| Leg power output | |||||||||||||
| Dipla et al., 20082 (56) | Greece | Healthy recreationally active (low-to-medium intensity) females | 10 | 0 | NR | High protein: 30% CHO; 40% protein; 30% fat for 1 wk | 1 wk | NA | NA | NA | NA | Hand grip | Some concerns |
| Control: 55% CHO; 15% protein; 30% fat for 1 wk | Knee flexor and extensor | ||||||||||||
| Van Zant et al., 20022 (57) | USA | Healthy males either aerobically (AER) or strength (STR) trained or sedentary (SED) | 18 | 100 | AER (32 ± 8.7) STR (32.2 ± 6.9) SED (32 ± 3.9) | Moderate CHO and fat: 42% CHO; 18% protein; 40% fat; included wheat bran for 3 wk (7-d meal rotation) | 3 wk | NA | NA | NA | Isokinetic knee contractions | Knee flexor and extensor | High |
| High CHO and low fat: 62% CHO; 18% protein; 20% fat; included wheat bran for 3 wk (7-d meal rotation) | Bench press repetitions | Bench press |
1
CHO, carbohydrate; MEDAS, Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; PREDIMED, Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea; ref, reference; ROB, risk of bias.
2
Crossover study design.
3
MEDAS score was developed to assess compliance with the dietary intervention of the PREDIMED trial.