Table 3.
Intergenerational changes in BDI, STAI, and EQ-5D scores during the 4-year period after the disaster
| BDI/STAI/EQ-5D | 20s | 30s | 40s/50s | Kruskal-Wallis test p-value | |
| Survey 1 | BDI | 5.0 (4.3) | 13.9 (16.8) | 9.8 (10.3) | 0.73 |
| STAI-S | 46.6 (5.9) | 49.6 (15.1) | 57.0 (5.9) | 0.11 | |
| STAI-T | 43.4 (5.9) | 48.6 (18.7) | 50.8 (8.5) | 0.58 | |
| EQ-5D | 1.000 (0.000) | 0.901 (0.209) | 0.860 (0.109) | 0.11 | |
| Survey 2 | BDI | 4.8 (4.2) | 12.4 (7.4)a | 2.3 (2.3)a | 0.01 |
| STAI-S | 46.4 (8.4) | 47.0 (11.1) | 40.5 (4.0) | 0.46 | |
| STAI-T | 41.0 (8.3) | 41.9 (12.6) | 35.0 (4.1) | 0.40 | |
| EQ-5D | 1.000 (0.000) | 0.886 (0.175) | 0.923 (0.120) | 0.32 | |
| Survey 3 | BDI | 1.2 (1.3)b | 9.5 (7.3)b | 3.0 (2.5) | 0.01 |
| STAI-S | 34.2 (3.9)c | 49.1 (9.7)c | 39.7 (5.8) | 0.04 | |
| STAI-T | 36.4 (8.4) | 45.4 (13.6) | 37.3 (5.5) | 0.22 | |
| EQ-5D | 1.000 (0.000) | 0.958 (0.120) | 0.929 (0.111) | 0.38 | |
| Survey 4 | BDI | 1.8 (2.9) | 6.8 (6.5) | 7.5 (5.5) | 0.17 |
| STAI-S | 39.8 (10.3) | 38.8 (11.2) | 44.7 (9.6) | 0.62 | |
| STAI-T | 32.2 (6.6) | 37.4 (13.2) | 42.2 (12.2) | 0.20 | |
| EQ-5D | 1.000 (0.000) | 0.961 (0.110) | 0.964 (0.087) | 0.68 | |
| Survey 5 | BDI | 1.4 (1.5) | 6.8 (6.1) | 3.2 (3.0) | 0.16 |
| STAI-S | 31.0 (3.8) | 37.0 (8.8) | 34.2 (5.5) | 0.27 | |
| STAI-T | 30.8 (9.2) | 35.8 (11.1) | 33.2 (6.4) | 0.67 | |
| EQ-5D | 1.000 (0.000) | 0.934 (0.125) | 0.915 (0.132) | 0.40 |
Data are shown as mean values (standard deviation).
BDI: Beck depression inventory, STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI-S: State anxiety scale, STAI-T: Trait anxiety scale, EQ-5D: EuroQoL utility score.
a, b, c: Mann-Whitney U test and Bonferroni correction were performed after Kruskal-Wallis test.
a, b, c: p < 0.05