Table 1.
Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study Baseline Sample Characteristics (N = 3,068)
| Overall | Class 1: Variety (n = 662) | Class 2: Intellectual (n = 514) | Class 3: Social (n = 1,036) | Class 4: Least Active (n = 856) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (or M) | % (or SD) | Range | N (or M) | % (or SD) | N (or M) | % (or SD) | N (or M) | % (or SD) | N (or M) | % (or SD) | |
| Age | 78.5 | 3.3 | 72–96 | 78.1 | 3.1 | 78.2 | 3.0 | 78.7 | 3.2 | 78.9 | 3.6 |
| Sex (male) | 1,649 | 54 | 294 | 44 | 273 | 53 | 567 | 55 | 515 | 60 | |
| Race (White) | 2,929 | 95 | 637 | 96 | 500 | 97 | 985 | 95 | 807 | 94 | |
| Education | |||||||||||
| Less than or equal to HS | 1,103 | 36 | 137 | 21 | 97 | 19 | 461 | 45 | 408 | 48 | |
| Some college | 775 | 25 | 180 | 27 | 138 | 27 | 244 | 24 | 213 | 25 | |
| College graduate | 480 | 16 | 107 | 16 | 114 | 22 | 138 | 13 | 121 | 14 | |
| Professional/graduate | 710 | 23 | 238 | 36 | 165 | 32 | 193 | 19 | 114 | 13 | |
| MCI | 481 | 16 | 78 | 11.78 | 50 | 9.73 | 171 | 16.51 | 182 | 21 | |
| Medical comorbidities | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0–7 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.1 |
| Depressive symptoms (CES-D) | 3.6 | 3.5 | 0–6 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Notes: CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; HS = high school; MCI = mild cognitive impairment; M = mean; N = number. Analyses of variance (continuous variables) and chi-squared tests (categorical variables) of differences between classes were all statistically significant (ps < .05).