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. 2022 Apr 19;50(8):4484–4499. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkac253

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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research 2022.

This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

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Figure 5. — KMnO₄ footprinting to determine the transcription bubble in transcription complexes made with WT VpsR, VpsR D59A, VpsR D59E and VpsR^ren. (A) Reactive thymines within the transcription bubble are observed at positions −6 and −7 on nontemplate DNA. (B, C) Reactive thymines within the transcription bubble (indicated by vertical line) are observed at positions −11, −4, −3, −2, −1, +1 and +2 on template DNA. RNAP, c-di-GMP, VpsR, Ac∼P and KMnO₄ were present as indicated. GA corresponds to G + A ladder. In each panel, images are from the same gel; the white line indicates where intervening lanes were removed.