Table 1.
Baseline Participants Characteristics
| YW (n = 19) | OW (n = 19) | YM (n = 15) | OM (n = 15) | p * | p † | p ‡ | p § | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 27.0 ± 4.42 | 72.4 ± 6.14 | 27.0 ± 3.34 | 74.3 ± 5.20 | .348 | .964 | ||
| BMI (kg/m²) | 22.3 ± 2.64 | 23.9 ± 2.93 | 24.9 ± 3.68 | 26.3 ± 3.78 | .089 | .325 | .041 | .019 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.92 ± 0.45 | 2.40 ± 0.88 | 2.11 ± 0.53 | 3.14 ± 1.46 | .025 | .029 | .120 | .319 |
| PC (nmol/mg)‖ | 1.03 ± 0.32 | 1.16 ± 0.29 | 1.49 ± 0.49 | 1.30 ± 0.54 | .123 | .367 | .837 | .008 |
| 3-NT (nmol/mg)‖ | 1.99 ± 1.40 | 2.15 ± 2.01 | 2.72 ± 2.49 | 2.77 ± 2.35 | .729 | .744 | .515 | .607 |
| MDA (µmol/L)‖ | 0.69 ± 0.35 | 0.98 ± 0.44 | 0.60 ± 0.25 | 1.03 ± 0.48 | .009 | .002 | .811 | .607 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.42 ± 0.37 | 5.15 ± 0.51 | 4.74 ± 0.30 | 5.67 ± 0.87 | <.001 | .001 | .039 | .012 |
| Insulin (µIU/mL)‖ | 9.71 ± 1.85 | 10.4 ± 3.29 | 10.0 ± 2.45 | 12.1 ± 4.05 | .885 | .412 | .271 | .758 |
Notes: YW = younger women; OW = older women; YM = younger men; OM = older men; BMI = body mass index; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment—insulin resistance; PC = protein carbonyls; 3-NT = 3-nitrotyrosine; MDA = malondialdehyde. All data are shown as mean ± SD. Age and sex differences were calculated using Student’s t-test, unless otherwise indicated.
*Age difference between women.
†Age differences between men.
‡Sex difference between older adults.
§Sex differences between younger adults.
‖Mann–Whitney U test.
p < .05.