Table 2.
Antiviral and cytotoxicity properties of G4-ligands incubated with virus-infected PS cells for 48 h.p.i.
| Neudoerfl | Hypr | SI (CC50/EC50) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G4-ligand | EC50 [μM] a,b | 95% CI | EC50 [μM]a,b | 95% CI | CC50 [μM] a,c | 95% CI | Neudoerfl | Hypr |
| PDS | 2.94 | 2.80 to 3.09 | 1.29 | 0.94 to 1.77 | >50 | - | >17.01 | >36.76 |
| cPDS | 4.45 | 3.40 to 5.82 | 5.52 | 4.92 to 6.20 | >50 | - | >11.23 | >9.05 |
| NMM | 0.01 | 0.005 to 0.028 | 0.02 | 0.021 to 0.023 | >50 | - | >5000 | >2 500 |
| TMPyP4 | N.D.d | - | N.D.d | - | >50 | - | - | - |
| Hemin | >50 | - | >50 | - | >50 | - | >1 | > 1 |
| 360A | > 50 | - | >50 | - | >50 | - | >1 | >1 |
| PhenDC3 | 5.77 | 4.82 to 6.91 | 5.68 | 4.74 to 6.81 | >50 | - | >8.66 | >8.08 |
| BRACO-19 | >50 | - | >50 | - | >50 | - | >1 | >1 |
| Berberin | 1.26 | 1.08 to 1.48 | 1.57 | 1.51 to 1.64 | >50 | - | >39.68 | >31.84 |
| Aloe emodin | >50 | - | >50 | - | >50 | - | >1 | >1 |
| CX5461 | e | - | e | - | 14.14 | 12.20 to 16.39 | - | - |
| ThT | e | - | e | - | 10.56 | 9.18 to 12.14 | - | - |
| TO | N.D. f | - | N.D. f | - | 1.80 | 1.43 to 2.28 | N.D. | N.D. |
| CV | N.D. f | - | N.D. f | - | <1.60 | - | N.D. | N.D. |
aDetermined from three independent experiments.
bExpressed as a 50% reduction in viral titers and calculated as inflection points of sigmoidal inhibitory curves, which were obtained by a nonlinear fit of transformed inhibitor concentrations versus normalized response using GraphPad Prism 7.04 (GraphPad Software, Inc., USA).
cExpressed as a 50% reduction in cell viability and calculated as inflection points of sigmoidal viability curves, which were obtained by a nonlinear fit of transformed inhibitor concentrations versus normalized response, see b.
dWe were not able to evaluate the anti-TBEV effects of TMPyP4 accurately. Repeated virus cultivations in the presence of TMPyP4 provided extremely variable results that were not consistent enough to calculate the exact EC50 values.
eNo antiviral effect was observed at the lowest non-cytotoxic concentration of 5 μM.
fAntiviral activities of TO and CV were not determined, as both compounds were highly cytotoxic (reduction of cell viability by ≥50%) in the tested concentration range (1.6–50 μM).
N.D.; not determined