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. 2021 Dec 6;115(5):1344–1356. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab398

TABLE 3.

Indirect effect and direct effect for the association of E-DII with total fat mass through hs-CRP, LBP, and gut microbiome, in MEC-APS participants (n = 1655)1

Indirect effect2 Direct effect
Mediator β SE 95% CI β SE 95% CI
High sensitivity C-reactive protein, mg/L 0.092 0.034 0.031, 0.165 0.591 0.106 0.383, 0.800
Lipopolysaccharide binding protein, μg/mL 0.095 0.031 0.038, 0.1593 0.588 0.108 0.377, 0.799
α Diversity (Shannon) −0.022 0.012 −0.049, −0.003 0.705 0.111 0.486, 0.923
Phyla4
 Actinobacteria −0.014 0.001 −0.040, 0.005 0.698 0.111 0.479, 0.916
 Bacteroidetes −0.001 0.004 −0.010, 0.005 0.684 0.111 0.466, 0.902
 Cyanobacteria 0.007 0.007 −0.005, 0.024 0.676 0.111 0.458, 0.895
 Firmicutes 0.009 0.009 −0.007, 0.030 0.674 0.111 0.455, 0.892
 Fusobacteria −0.017 0.011 −0.041, 0.001 0.700 0.111 0.481, 0.918
 Lentisphaerae −0.006 0.006 −0.020, 0.003 0.689 0.111 0.471, 0.907
 Proteobacteria −0.004 0.006 −0.018, 0.006 0.687 0.111 0.469, 0.905
 Synergistetes −0.001 0.004 −0.010, 0.009 0.684 0.111 0.466, 0.902
 Tenericutes −0.012 0.009 −0.031, 0.002 0.695 0.111 0.477, 0.913
 Verrucomicrobia −0.008 0.007 −0.025, 0.004 0.691 0.111 0.473, 0.909
Genera4
 Anaerostipes −0.009 0.015 −0.039, 0.021 0.692 0.111 0.472, 0.912
 Bacteroides −0.007 0.009 −0.027, 0.009 0.690 0.111 0.472, 0.909
 Christensenellaceae R-7 group −0.035 0.015 −0.067, −0.010 0.718 0.111 0.499, 0.937
 Collinsella −0.016 0.012 −0.043, 0.006 0.699 0.111 0.480, 0.918
 Coprococcus 2 0.021 0.018 −0.013, 0.059 0.662 0.111 0.442, 0.882
 Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003 0.022 0.011 0.003, 0.047 0.662 0.111 0.443, 0.880
 Escherichia-Shigella −0.009 0.011 −0.034, 0.011 0.692 0.111 0.473, 0.911
 [Eubacterium] coprostanoligenes group 0.006 0.008 −0.009, 0.024 0.677 0.111 0.460, 0.895
 [Eubacterium] eligens group 0.020 0.022 −0.023, 0.064 0.663 0.111 0.441, 0.886
 [Eubacterium] xylanophilum group −0.040 0.019 −0.081, −0.005 0.723 0.111 0.503, 0.944
 Faecalibacterium 0.022 0.013 −0.002, 0.049 0.662 0.111 0.443, 0.880
 Flavonifractor −0.038 0.014 −0.069, −0.0133 0.721 0.111 0.503, 0.939
 Lachnoclostridium 0.000 0.011 −0.022, 0.022 0.683 0.111 0.464, 0.902
 Lachnospira 0.003 0.014 −0.025, 0.032 0.680 0.111 0.460, 0.899
 Lachnospiraceae NC2004 group −0.011 0.009 −0.032, 0.002 0.694 0.111 0.476, 0.912
 Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group −0.026 0.013 −0.053, −0.005 0.709 0.111 0.490, 0.927
 Lachnospiraceae UCG-001 −0.014 0.009 −0.034, −0.001 0.697 0.111 0.479, 0.915
 Lachnospiraceae; other −0.001 0.010 −0.023, 0.020 0.684 0.111 0.465, 0.903
 Odoribacter −0.002 0.012 −0.027, 0.020 0.686 0.111 0.467, 0.905
 Oscillibacter −0.008 0.008 −0.027, 0.007 0.691 0.111 0.473, 0.909
 Parabacteroides −0.005 0.010 −0.026, 0.015 0.688 0.111 0.469, 0.906
 Ruminiclostridium 5 −0.009 0.015 −0.038, 0.020 0.692 0.111 0.472, 0.912
 Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 0.014 0.013 −0.009, 0.041 0.670 0.111 0.451, 0.889
 Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 −0.016 0.013 −0.043, 0.007 0.699 0.111 0.480, 0.918
 Ruminococcaceae uncultured 0.000 0.003 −0.008, 0.007 0.684 0.111 0.466, 0.901
 Ruminococcus 1 −0.007 0.017 −0.040, 0.025 0.690 0.111 0.470, 0.911
 [Ruminococcus] gnavus group −0.072 0.021 −0.116, −0.0363 0.756 0.111 0.536, 0.975
 Tyzzerella −0.059 0.018 −0.098, −0.0273 0.742 0.111 0.524, 0.960
1

Mediation analyses conducted through linear regression using the PROCESS macro for SPSS adjusting for age, education, physical activity, race/ethnicity, sex, smoking status, and antibiotic use. E-DII, Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LBP, lipopolysaccharide binding protein; MEC-APS, Multiethnic Cohort–Adiposity Phenotype Study.

2

A bootstrap method using iterations of computed samples (5000) was used to determine the significance of the indirect effects.

3

Significant after Bonferroni adjustment (P < 0.0013).

4

Centered log ratio transformation for skewed distributions.