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Summary of functions and substrate preferences of DCL3/5 family proteins. Summary of substrate functions and specificities of eudicot DCL3, monocot DCL3 and DCL5. Monocot OsDCL3 and OsDCL5 have completely distinct substrate specificities, whereas eudicot AtDCL3 has an intermediate preference for dsRNAs. These data argue that monocot DCL3 and DCL5 duplicated from a common ancestral ‘eudicot-type’ DCL3, then subfunctionalized and further optimized to cleave cognate substrates.
