Fig. 1.

Study flow chart

RA patients were enrolled in the study at the time of administration of biologics/targeted synthetic DMARDs. Prophylaxis against PCP was considered based on physician’s decision in cohort 1. In cohort 2, prophylaxis was based on certain criteria (≥2 risk factors, including age ≥ 65, concomitant glucocorticoid use, coexisting lung disease. Background information about PCP risk factors was not available in one PCP case in cohort 1 (indicated as ‘Not available‘). PCP: Pneumocystis pneumonia; Prophylaxis (+); participants received PCP prophylaxis, PCP (+); participants developed PCP. SMX–TMP: sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in combination.