TABLE 1.
Demographic characteristics of adults (N = 9564) by quintile of animal protein (AP) intake, What We Eat in America, NHANES 2015–2018
| Demographic characteristic | ALL | Q11 | Q22 | Q33 | Q44 | Q55 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | P 6 | |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 49 (0.8) | 43 (1.7) | 48 (1.8) | 51 (1.9) | 51 (1.8) | 52 (1.7) | 0.002 |
| Female7 | 51 (0.8) | 57 (1.7) | 52 (1.8) | 49 (1.9) | 49 (1.8) | 48 (1.7) | |
| Age | |||||||
| 20–39 | 35 (0.8) | 34 (1.7) | 32 (1.6) | 35 (1.7) | 35 (1.7) | 39 (1.6) | 0.004 |
| 40–59 | 36 (0.8) | 34 (1.7) | 37 (1.8) | 36 (1.9) | 35 (1.8) | 37 (1.8) | |
| 60+ | 29 (0.7) | 32 (1.5) | 31 (1.6) | 29 (1.6) | 30 (1.7) | 24 (1.4) | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 64 (0.7) | 61 (1.5) | 63 (1.5) | 66 (1.5) | 67 (1.5) | 61 (1.5) | <.0001 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 11 (0.3) | 10 (0.6) | 11 (0.7) | 11 (0.7) | 11 (0.7) | 14 (0.8) | |
| Hispanic | 15 (0.4) | 16 (0.9) | 16 (1.0) | 15 (1.0) | 15 (0.9) | 15 (0.9) | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 6 (0.2) | 10 (0.6) | 6 (0.5) | 5 (0.5) | 4 (0.4) | 5 (0.4) | |
| Other8 | 4 (0.3) | 5 (0.8) | 4 (0.8) | 4 (0.6) | 4 (0.6) | 5 (0.7) | |
| Income level | |||||||
| ≤130% PIR9 | 18 (0.5) | 19 (1.3) | 17 (1.1) | 15 (1.1) | 18 (1.2) | 22 (1.2) | 0.01 |
| >130 to ≤350% PIR | 27 (0.7) | 25 (1.4) | 29 (1.6) | 26 (1.5) | 27 (1.5) | 27 (1.4) | |
| >350% PIR | 46 (0.8) | 46 (1.8) | 44 (1.8 | 48 (1.9) | 46 (1.9) | 45 (1.8) | |
| Weight status10 | |||||||
| Normal | 27 (0.7) | 31 (1.6) | 28 (1.6) | 25 (1.7) | 26 (1.7) | 24 (1.4) | 0.01 |
| Overweight | 32 (0.8) | 33 (1.7) | 32 (1.7) | 33 (1.8) | 30 (1.7) | 31 (1.6) | |
| Obese | 41 (0.8 | 36 (1.6) | 41 (1.8) | 42 (1.9) | 45 (1.8) | 44 (1.7) | |
| Physical Activity11 | |||||||
| Low | 34 (0.8) | 34 (1.6) | 33 (1.6) | 32 (1.7) | 33 (1.7) | 34 (1.6) | 0.14 |
| Moderate | 8 (0.4) | 9 (0.9) | 10 (1.0) | 14 (1.4) | 13 (1.3) | 10 (1.1) | |
| High | 57 (0.8 | 57 (1.7) | 57 (1.8) | 55 (1.9) | 54 (1.9) | 56 (1.7) | |
| Smoking | |||||||
| Never | 55 (1.4) | 60 (1.7) | 56 (1.9) | 59 (1.8) | 56 (1.9) | 54 (1.7) | 0.07 |
| Former | 25 (0.3) | 27 (1.6) | 25 (1.5) | 25 (1.7) | 25 (1.7) | 26 (1.6) | |
| Current | 20 (1.1) | 15 (1.1) | 19 (1.4) | 16 (1.2) | 19 (1.4) | 20 (1.4) | |
| Dietary supplement use | |||||||
| Yes | 58 (0.8) | 60 (1.7) | 59 (1.7) | 59 (1.8) | 57 (1.8) | 53 (1.7) | 0.05 |
| No | 43 (0.8) | 40 (1.7) | 41 (1.7 | 41 (1.8) | 43 (1.8) | 47 (1.7) | |
Q1: Lowest quintile of animal protein (AP) (<49.8%).
Q2: Second lowest quintile of AP (49.8–61.7%).
Q3: Middle quintile of AP (61.8–70.0%).
Q4: Second highest quintile of AP (70.1–78.4%).
Q5: Highest quintile of AP (≥78.4%).
Differences in percentages between the 5 groups for each demographic were made using Wald Chi Square tests and were considered significant at P <0.001.
Excludes pregnant and lactating females.
Includes Native American, Alaskan Native, Pacific Islander, multiracial.
PIR: Poverty Income Ratio; family income expressed as percent of the federal poverty level.
Normal weight: BMI<25 kg/m2; overweight: BMI: 25–30 kg/m2; obese: ≥30 kg/m2.
Includes all physical activity, regardless of purpose (recreation, in the performance of work, or as a means of transportation), with each vigorous-intensity minute counted as the equivalent of 2 moderate-intensity minutes. Activity levels (minutes per week): inactive/low: <150; moderate: 150–299; active: ≥300.