Table 4.

Effect of different doses of administration of pendimethalin in gills parameters in Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (bighead carp).

Parameters (hours)	Groups/treatments
	T0 (0.0 mg/L)	T1 (0.25 mg/L)	T2 (0.50 mg/L)	T3 (0.75 mg/L)
Reactive oxygen species (optical density)
72	0.12 ± 0.03	0.13 ± 0.01	0.14 ± 0.01	0.14 ± 0.04
96	0.13 ± 0.02	0.15 ± 0.03	0.18 ± 0.01	0.35 ± 0.01∗
120	0.12 ± 0.01	0.16 ± 0.01	0.41 ± 0.01∗	0.72 ± 0.26∗
Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (nmol/TBARS formed/mg protein/min)
72	25.32 ± 1.39	28.40 ± 1.36	28.62 ± 1.17	28.71 ± 0.92
96	27.40 ± 1.08	29.22 ± 0.93	39.33 ± 0.71∗	45.12 ± 0.64∗
120	27.69 ± 1.42	30.84 ± 0.81	44.47 ± 1.40∗	56.60 ± 4.69∗
Glutathione contents (μmol/g tissue)
72	6.34 ± 0.40	5.86 ± 0.12	5.75 ± 0.08	5.49 ± 0.14
96	6.75 ± 0.08	5.01 ± 0.01	4.98 ± 0.01	4.41 ± 0.16∗
120	6.15 ± 0.02	4.98 ± 0.02	4.37 ± 0.01∗	4.16 ± 0.02∗
Total protein contents (μg/mg tissue)
72	3.25 ± 0.02	3.38 ± 0.01	3.53 ± 0.03	3.65 ± 0.02
96	3.25 ± 0.01	3.36 ± 0.01	3.46 ± 0.02	4.78 ± 1.20∗
120	3.22 ± 0.01	3.33 ± 0.01	3.46 ± 0.01	4.95 ± 1.39∗
Superoxide dismutase (units/mg protein)
72	7.11 ± 0.11	7.09 ± 0.07	6.89 ± 0.22	6.71 ± 0.17
96	7.16 ± 0.05	7.05 ± 0.10	5.01 ± 0.19∗	4.78 ± 0.14∗
120	7.13 ± 0.07	7.01 ± 0.04	4.91 ± 0.39∗	4.77 ± 0.21∗
Catalase (units/min)
72	2.61 ± 0.18	2.55 ± 0.08	2.51 ± 0.04	2.42 ± 0.07
96	2.59 ± 0.15	2.45 ± 0.05	2.11 ± 0.03∗	2.05 ± 0.04∗
120	2.57 ± 0.09	2.35 ± 0.09	2.03 ± 0.01∗	1.93 ± 0.09∗

In each row, values (mean ± SE) bearing asterisks differ significantly (P < 0.05) from that of values in untreated (T0) fish.