Table 5.
Effect of pendimethalin activity in the kidneys of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (bighead carp).
| Parameters (hours) | Groups/treatments | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T0 (0.0 mg/L) | T1 (0.25 mg/L) | T2 (0.50 mg/L) | T3 (0.75 mg/L) | |
| Reactive oxygen species (optical density) | ||||
| 72 | 0.22 ± 0.02 | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.23 ± 0.03 | 0.24 ± 0.03 |
| 96 | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.37 ± 0.03∗ | 0.38 ± 0.03∗ |
| 120 | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.27 ± 0.05 | 0.43 ± 0.05∗ | 0.47 ± 0.04∗ |
| Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (nmol/TBARS formed/mg protein/min) | ||||
| 72 | 21.21 ± 2.50 | 22.36 ± 2.32 | 24.31 ± 2.41 | 24.34 ± 2.78 |
| 96 | 25.22 ± 1.40 | 25.98 ± 1.26 | 29.04 ± 1.70∗ | 32.77 ± 1.40∗ |
| 120 | 25.44 ± 1.75 | 25.64 ± 1.80 | 32.53 ± 1.60∗ | 33.74 ± 1.53∗ |
| Glutathione contents (μmol/g tissue) | ||||
| 72 | 3.66 ± 0.2 | 3.60 ± 0.20 | 3.53 ± 0.19 | 3.42 ± 0.17 |
| 96 | 3.82 ± 0.1 | 3.77 ± 0.15 | 3.33 ± 0.16 | 3.61 ± 0.17 |
| 120 | 3.64 ± 0.2 | 3.49 ± 0.29 | 3.12 ± 0.20∗ | 3.03 ± 0.30∗ |
| Total protein contents (μg/mg tissue) | ||||
| 72 | 4.28 ± 0.29 | 4.18 ± 0.05 | 4.12 ± 0.05 | 4.03 ± 0.05 |
| 96 | 4.42 ± 0.05 | 4.39 ± 0.05 | 4.37 ± 0.04 | 4.05 ± 0.05 |
| 120 | 4.22 ± 0.10 | 4.21 ± 0.10 | 3.38 ± 0.09∗ | 3.16 ± 0.08∗ |
| Superoxide dismutase (units/mg protein) | ||||
| 72 | 10.20 ± 0.11 | 9.89 ± 0.12 | 9.59 ± 0.21 | 9.43 ± 0.19 |
| 96 | 10.10 ± 0.15 | 9.68 ± 0.23 | 7.55 ± 0.11∗ | 7.31 ± 0.07∗ |
| 120 | 10.03 ± 0.05 | 9.14 ± 0.31 | 7.34 ± 0.21∗ | 7.22 ± 0.11∗ |
| Catalase (units/min) | ||||
| 72 | 3.81 ± 0.08 | 3.78 ± 0.03 | 3.65 ± 0.04 | 3.61 ± 0.05 |
| 96 | 3.77 ± 0.6 | 3.73 ± 0.04 | 3.01 ± 0.05∗ | 2.83 ± 0.01∗ |
| 120 | 3.73 ± 0.07 | 3.68 ± 0.03 | 2.97 ± 0.02∗ | 2.52 ± 0.07∗ |
In each row, values (mean ± SE) bearing asterisks differ significantly (P < 0.05) from that of values in untreated (T0) fish.