Table 1.
Main baseline characteristics by gender.
| Total | Women | Men | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | 1158 (100) | 637 (55) | 521 (45) |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 84.4 (5.6) | 84.1 (5.6) | 84.8 (5.7) |
| Education (CASMIN-short), n (%) | |||
| Low | 686 (59) | 417 (66) | 269 (52) |
| Middle | 235 (20) | 148 (23) | 87 (17) |
| High | 232 (20) | 71 (11) | 161 (31) |
| Unknown | 5 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.8) |
| Smoking, n (%) | |||
| Never | 622 (54) | 458 (72) | 164 (32) |
| Ever | 532 (46) | 176 (28) | 356 (68) |
| Unknown | 4 (0.3) | 3 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) |
| Self-rated health, n (%) | |||
| Excellent / good | 521 (45) | 267 (42) | 254 (49) |
| Moderate / poor / very poor | 634 (55) | 368 (58) | 266 (51) |
| Unknown | 3 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) |
| Living alone, n (%) | 552 (48) | 393 (62) | 159 (31) |
| Unknown | 38 (3) | 25 (4) | 13 (2) |
| BMI in kg/m2, n (%) | |||
| < 25 | 377 (33) | 225 (35) | 152 (29) |
| 25–29.9 | 509 (44) | 251 (39) | 258 (50) |
| ≥ 30 | 255 (22) | 154 (24) | 101 (19) |
| Unknown | 17 (1) | 7 (1) | 10 (2) |
| Polypharmacy, n (%) | 848 (73) | 470 (74) | 378 (73) |
| Unknown | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) |
| Hospitalization, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 489 (42) | 284 (45) | 205 (39) |
| 1–2 | 448 (39) | 230 (36) | 218 (42) |
| ≥ 3 | 221 (19) | 123 (19) | 98 (19) |
| CCI, median (IQR) | 10 (7–12) | 9 (7–12) | 10 (8–13) |
| Cognitive impairment, n (%) | 95 (8) | 55 (9) | 40 (8) |
| Unknown | 68 (6) | 32 (5) | 36 (7) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 958 (83) | 533 (84) | 425 (82) |
| Unknown | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) |
| Stroke, n (%) | 156 (14) | 75 (12) | 81 (16) |
| Congestive Heart failure, n (%) | 756 (65) | 390 (61) | 366 (70) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 341 (29) | 171 (27) | 170 (33) |
| Unknown | 15 (1) | 8 (1) | 7 (1) |
| Cancer, n (%) | 315 (27) | 134 (21) | 181 (35) |
| Osteoarthritis, n (%) | 935 (81) | 558 (88) | 377 (72) |
| COPD, n (%) | 450 (39) | 254 (40) | 196 (38) |
| eGFRBIS2 < 60 ml/min/1.73m2, n (%) | 847 (73) | 468 (74) | 379 (73) |
| Unknown | 34 (3) | 22 (3) | 12 (2) |
| ACR ≥ 30 mg/g, n (%) | 306 (26) | 137 (22) | 169 (32) |
| Unknown | 77 (7) | 49 (8) | 28 (5) |
| Frailty status, n (%) | |||
| Robust | 225 (19) | 115 (18) | 110 (21) |
| Prefrail | 532 (46) | 282 (44) | 250 (48) |
| Frail | 401 (35) | 240 (38) | 161 (31) |
| Frailty transition after 2.1 years, n (%) | |||
| Improvement | 160 (14) | 101 (16) | 59 (11) |
| No change | 547 (47) | 304 (48) | 243 (47) |
| Worsening | 322 (28) | 162 (25) | 160 (31) |
| Unknown | 129 (11) | 70 (11) | 59 (11) |
SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, COPD chronic obstructive lung disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACR albumin to creatinine ratio.