Table 1.
Descriptive statistics (maternal age and years in education and proportion of first-time mothers per site)
| Koforidua, Ghana n = 150 |
Kingston, Jamaica n = 152 |
Tarlai Kalan, Pakistan n = 150 |
Valenzuela, Philippines n = 154 |
Cluj-Napoca, Romania n = 150 |
Worcester, South Africa n = 150 |
Ragama, Sri Lanka n = 152 |
Hue, Vietnam n = 150 |
Between-site difference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language of administration | Twi | English | Urdu | Tagalog | Romanian | Afrikaans and IsiXhosa | Sinhala and Tamil | Vietnamese | ||
| x̄ ± SD | x̄ ± SD | x̄ ± SD | x̄ ± SD | x̄ ± SD | x̄ ± SD | x̄ ± SD | x̄ ± SD | F | η2 | |
| Maternal age (years) | 29.07 ± 6.314 | 25.53 ± 5.687 | 27.29 ± 5.187 | 27.66 ± 6.039 | 30.01 ± 4.617 | 26.95 ± 5.955 | 29.74 ± 5.534 | 29.94 ± 5.146 | 13.29*** | 0.072 |
| Education level (years completed) | 8.38 ± 4.327 | 10.46 ± 1.054 | 7.77 ± 4.791 | 11.42 ± 2.649 | 12.83 ± 1.971 | 10.48 ± 1.892 | 11.85 ± 1.464 | 10.54 ± 2.477 | 51.379*** | 0.240 |
| χ2 | Cramer’s V | |||||||||
| Proportion of nulliparous participants | 15.7% | 39.6% | 27.7% | 16.8% | 64.9% | 38.1% | 42.5% | 56.6% | 92.571*** | 1.2079 |
*** p < 0.001