Table 2.
Alteration in gene expression on BPA exposure
| Sl. no | Gene | Study model | Dosage of BPA | Alteration in gene expression | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | KISS1 | Female Sprague Dawley rats | 0.05, 0.5 mg kg-1 day-1 | Downregulated | Qiu et al. (2020) |
| 10 mg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated | ||||
| ICR mice | 20 μg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated (only in AVPV) | Wang et al. (2014) | ||
| CD-1 mice | 12, 25, 50 mg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated | Xi et al. (2011) | ||
| 2 | GNRH1 | ICR mice | 20 μg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated | Wang et al. (2014) |
| Embryonic mouse hypothalamus cell line N44 (mHypoE-N44) | 200 μM | Downregulated | Warita et al. (2013) | ||
| CD-1 mice | 12, 25, 50 mg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated | Xi et al. (2011) | ||
| Wistar rats | 0.5 mg kg-1 | Upregulated | Monje et al. (2010) | ||
| 20 mg kg-1 | Downregulated | ||||
| Female Sprague Dawley rats | 0.05, 0.5 mg kg-1 day-1 | Downregulated | (Qiu et al. (2020) | ||
| 10 mg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated | ||||
| 3 | GNRH2 | Gobiocypris rarus | 5 μg L-1 | Downregulated | Qin et al. (2012) |
| 15 μg L-1 | Upregulated | ||||
| 4 | RETN | Human (In vitro culture of differentiated adipocytes) | 1, 10, 100 nM | Upregulated | Menale et al. (2017) |
| 5 | AdipoQ | Human (In vitro culture of differentiated adipocytes) | 1nM | Upregulated | Menale et al. (2017) |
| 10, 100 nM | Downregulated | ||||
| Human (In vitro culture of adipose tissue) | 10 nM | Downregulated | Ahmed et al. (2020) | ||
| Mouse (In vitro culture of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes) | 1 nM | Upregulated | Ariemma et al. (2016) | ||
| Human (In vitro culture of mature adipocytes and SVF cells) | 0.1 nM | Downregulated | Cimmino et al. (2019) | ||
| 6 | LEP | Mouse (In vitro culture of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes) | 1 nM | Upregulated | Ariemma et al. (2016) |
| Human (In vitro culture of mature adipocytes and SVF cells) | 0.1 nM | Upregulated | Cimmino et al. (2019) | ||
| 7 | IL6 | Mouse (In vitro culture of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes) | 1 nM | Upregulated | Ariemma et al. (2016) |
| Human (In vitro culture of adipose tissue) | 10, 104 nM | Downregulated | Ahmed et al. (2020) | ||
| Human (In vitro culture of mature adipocytes and SVF cells) | 0.1 nM | Upregulated | Cimmino et al. (2019) | ||
| 8 | IFNG | Mouse (In vitro culture of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes) | 1 nM | Upregulated | Ariemma et al. (2016) |
| F344 rats | 4, 40, 400 mg kg-1 day-1 | Downregulated | Miao et al. (2008) | ||
| 9 | TNFA | F344 rats | 4, 40, 400 mg kg-1 day-1 | Downregulated | Miao et al. (2008) |
| Human (In vitro culture of adipose tissue) | 1 nM | Downregulated | Ahmed et al. (2020) | ||
| Mouse (In vitro culture of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes) | 1 nM | Upregulated | Ariemma et al. (2016) | ||
| 10 | IGF1 | Oncorhynchus mykiss (oocytes) | 30, 100 μg mL-1 | Downregulated | Aluru et al. (2010) |
| 11 | IGF2 | Oncorhynchus mykiss (oocytes) | 30, 100 μg mL-1 | Downregulated | Aluru et al. (2010) |
| 12 | IGF1R (Ra and Rb) | Oncorhynchus mykiss (oocytes) | 30, 100 μg mL-1 | Downregulated | Aluru et al. (2010) |
| Human (BG-1 ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line) | 10-5 M | Upregulated | Kang et al. (2013) | ||
| 13 | ESR1 | ICR mice | 20 μg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated | Wang et al. (2014) |
| Human (BG-1 ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line) | 10-5 M | Upregulated | Kang et al. (2013) | ||
| F344 rats | 4, 40, 400 mg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated | Miao et al. (2008) | ||
| Gobiocypris rarus | 15 μg L-1 | Downregulated | Zhang et al. (2018) | ||
| 14 | ESR2 | ICR mice | 20 μg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated | Wang et al. (2014) |
| CD-1 mice | 12, 25, 50 mg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated | Xi et al. (2011) | ||
| Gobiocypris rarus | 15 μg L-1 |
ESR2 α—No effects ESR2 β – Upregulated |
Zhang et al. (2018) | ||
| 15 | LHCGR | Zebrafish ovarian follicle cells | 5 μM | Upregulated | Liu et al. (2013) |
| CD-1 mice | 12 mg kg-1 day-1 | Downregulated | Xi et al. (2011) | ||
| 25, 50 mg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated | ||||
| Catla catla (ovary tissue) | 10, 100, 1000 μg L-1 | Upregulated | Faheem et al. (2017) | ||
| 16 | StAR | CD-1 mice | 12, 50 mg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated | Xi et al. (2011) |
| 25 mg kg-1 day-1 | Downregulated | ||||
| Human (In vitro culture of ovarian granulosa KGN cells) | 0.5, 5, 50, 500 μg L-1 | Downregulated | Shi et al. (2021) | ||
| Catla catla (ovary tissue) | 10, 100, 1000 μg L-1 | Upregulated | Faheem et al. (2017) | ||
| Gobiocypris rarus | 15 μg L-1 | Downregulated | Zhang et al. (2018) | ||
| CD-1 mice (antral follicles) | 10, 100 μg mL-1 | Downregulated | Peretz and Flaws (2013) | ||
| Wistar rats (In vitro culture of granulosa cells) | 0.1, 1, 10 μM | Downregulated | Samardzija et al. (2018) | ||
| 50, 100 μM | Upregulated | ||||
| 10-4 M | Upregulated | Zhou et al. (2008) | |||
| 17 | FSHR | CD-1 mice | 12 mg kg-1 day-1 | Downregulated | Xi et al. (2011) |
| 25, 50 mg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated | ||||
| Catla catla (ovary tissue) | 10, 100, 1000 μg L-1 | Upregulated | Faheem et al. (2017) | ||
| 18 | FSHB | CD-1 mice | 12, 25, 50 mg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated | Xi et al. (2011) |
| 19 | LHB | CD-1 mice | 12, 25 mg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated | Xi et al. (2011) |
| 50 mg kg-1 day-1 | Downregulated | ||||
| 20 | CYP11A1 | CD-1 mice | 12, 25, 50 mg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated | Xi et al. (2011) |
| CD-1 mice (antral follicles) | 10, 100 μg mL-1 | Downregulated | Peretz and Flaws (2013) | ||
| Sprague Dawley rat (ovary) | 10-4 M | Downregulated | Zhou et al. (2008) | ||
| 10-5 M | Upregulated | ||||
| Mouse urogenital sinus | 20 μg kg-1 | Upregulated | Arase et al. (2011) | ||
| Wistar rats (In vitro culture of granulosa cells) | 100 μM | Upregulated | Samardzija et al. (2018) | ||
| Human (placental JEG-3 cell lines) | 1-1000 nM | Downregulated | Chu et al. (2018) | ||
| 21 | CYP19A1 | CD-1 mice | 12, 25, 50 mg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated | Xi et al. (2011) |
| Human (In vitro culture of ovarian granulosa KGN cells) | 0.5, 5, 50, 500 μg L-1 | Upregulated | Shi et al. (2021) | ||
| Catla catla (ovary tissue) | 10, 100, 1000 μg L-1 | Upregulated | Faheem et al. (2017) | ||
| Sprague Dawley rat (ovary) | 10-410-6 M | Downregulated | Zhou et al. (2008) | ||
| Mouse urogenital sinus | 20 μg kg-1 | Upregulated | Arase et al. (2011) | ||
| Human (placental JEG-3 cell lines) | 11000 nM | Downregulated | Chu et al. (2018) | ||
| Human (ovarian granulosa-like (KGN) cell lines) | 50 μM | Downregulated | Watanabe et al. (2012) | ||
| Gobiocypris rarus | 5, 15 μg L-1 | Downregulated | Qin et al. (2012) | ||
| 22 | CYP17A1 | CD-1 mice | 12, 25 mg kg-1 day-1 | Downregulated | Xi et al. (2011) |
| 50 mg kg-1 day-1 | Upregulated | ||||
| Sprague Dawley rat (ovary) | 10-4 M | Upregulated | Zhou et al. (2008) | ||
| Gobiocypris rarus | 13.75±1.63 μg L-1 | Downregulated | Zhang et al. (2017) | ||
| 23 | HSD3B1 | Gobiocypris rarus | 15 μg L-1 | Upregulated | Zhang et al. (2018) |
| Wistar rats (In vitro culture of granulosa cells) | 100 μM | Upregulated | Samardzija et al. (2018) | ||
| 24 | AMH | Mice | 10, 40, 60 mg kg-1 | Upregulated | Li et al. (2014) |
| Mice | 5, 50, 500 μg kg-1 | Downregulated | Cao et al. (2018) | ||
| 25 | ESRRG | Mouse urogenital sinus | 20 μg kg-1 | Upregulated | Arase et al. (2011) |
| 26 | HSD17B (B1, B2, B3) | Human (In vitro culture of ovarian granulosa KGN cells) | 0.5, 5, 50, 500 μg L-1 | Downregulated | Shi et al. (2021) |
| 27 | PPARG | Mouse (In vitro culture of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes) | 1 nM | Upregulated | Ariemma et al. (2016) |
| 28 | INS | Wistar rats | 50, 500, 2500, 5000 μg kg-1 | Upregulated | Haq et al. (2020) |
KISS1 Kisspeptin, GNRH1 gonadotropin−releasing hormone 1, GNRH2 gonadotropin−releasing hormone 2, RETN resistin, AdipoQ adiponectin, LEP leptin, IL−6 interleukin 6, IFNG interferon gamma, TNFA tumor necrosis factor−alpha, IGF1 insulin−like growth factor 1, IGF2 insulin−like growth factor 2, IGF1R insulin−like growth factor 1 receptor, ESR1 estrogen receptor 1, ESR2 estrogen receptor 2, LHCGR luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor, StAR steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, FSHR follicle−stimulating hormone receptor, FSHB follicle−stimulating hormone subunit beta, LHB luteinizing hormone subunit beta, CYP11A1 cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1, CYP19A1 cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1, CYP17A1 cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1, HSD3B1 hydroxy−delta−5−steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta and steroid delta−isomerase 1, AMH anti−Mullerian hormone, ESRRG estrogen−related receptor gamma, HSD17B hydroxysteroid 17−beta dehydrogenase, PPARG peroxisome proliferator−activated receptor gamma, INS insulin, μg microgram, kg kilogram, mg milligram, μM micromolar, nM nanomolar, L litre, mL mililiter, M molar