Fig. 6.

Effect of MLK on sensitive and specific kidney function biomarkers in GM-treated rats. (A) KIM-1, (B) serum cystatin C, and (C) urine cystatin C levels. Tubular damage was indicated by increased levels of those sensitive and specific kidney function biomarkers in GM-treated rats. Concurrent treatment with MLK significantly ameliorated these elevations. Dots represent individual values, while bars represent mean ± SD (n = 6). Comparisons were made using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. ^a Significantly different from control group at p < 0.05, ^b Significantly different from GM group at p < 0.05.