Density, viscosity, and surface tension of the spray solution used in this work (mean ± SD, n = 3).
| Coating solution | Viscosity (mPa s) | Density (g ml−1) | Surface tension (mN m−1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13% PVP-K17 (w/v) | 2.38 ± 0.01 | 1.0107 ± 0.0003 | 65.7 ± 0.1 |
| 13% PVP-K25 (w/v) | 5.02 ± 0.03 | 1.0113 ± 0.0004 | 67.3 ± 0.1 |
| 13% PVP-K30 (w/v) | 7.14 ± 0.04 | 1.0121 ± 0.0003 | 65.1 ± 0.1 |
| 10% PVP-K30 (w/v) | 4.79 ± 0.04 | 1.0069 ± 0.0003 | 66.3 ± 0.1 |
| 16% PVP-K30 (w/v) | 10.1 ± 0.0 | 1.0166 ± 0.0014 | 64.6 ± 0.1 |