Table 1.
Demographic and ocular characteristics of the BAM participants and matched groups at baseline. Categorical variables are indicated as number (percent) and continuous variables are indicated as mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise noted.
| Bifocal + Atropine (n = 46) | Bifocal (n = 46) | Single Vision (n = 46) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | > .99 | |||
| 7-9 | 21 (45.7) | 21 (45.7) | 21 (45.7) | |
| 10-11 | 25 (54.3) | 25 (54.3) | 25 (54.3) | |
| Median (Q1-Q3) | 10.4 (9.4-11.3) | 10.1 (9.3-10.9) | 10.2 (9.3-11.1) | |
| Sex | .001 | |||
| Female | 26 (56.5) | 32 (69.6) | 29 (63.0) | |
| Male | 20 (43.5) | 14 (30.4) | 17 (37.0) | |
| Race | < .01 | |||
| White | 28 (60.9) | 33 (71.7) | 31 (67.4) | |
| > 1 race | 6 (13.0) | 5 (10.9) | 3 (6.5) | |
| Black or African American | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.2) | 9 (19.6) | |
| Asian | 10 (21.7) | 6 (13.0) | 3 (6.5) | |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | |
| Right eye refractive error, D | ||||
| Spherical equivalent | −2.31 (1.00) | −2.21 (.80) | −2.31 (.89) | .84 |
| Right eye biometry, mm | ||||
| Axial length | 24.39 (.64) | 24.32 (.75) | 24.54 (.90) | .38 |
| Anterior chamber depth | 3.93 (.21) | 3.96 (.19) | 3.98 (.23) | .56 |
| Lens thickness | 3.32 (.13) | 3.33 (.15) | 3.29 (.13) | .34 |
| Vitreous chamber depth | 17.14 (.65) | 17.02 (.75) | 17.27 (.87) | .31 |
| Visual acuity, logMAR | ||||
| High contrast distance | −0.02 (.01) | −0.01 (.01) | −0.02 (.01) | .76 |
| High contrast near | −0.08 (.01) | −0.05 (.01) | −0.07 (.01) | .24 |
| Low contrast distance | 0.08 (.01) | 0.08 (.01) | 0.09 (.01) | .76 |
| Pupil size, mm | ||||
| Photopic | 5.37 (0.09) | 5.40 (0.10) | 5.37 (0.11) | .96 |
| Mesopic | 6.58 (0.09) | 6.48 (0.10) | 6.40 (0.10) | .41 |