Table 2.

Diagnostic biomarkers of different cancer conditions.

Cancer type	Specific biomarkers	Reference
Breast cancer	HER2, FAK, survivin, and EpCAM, glypican-1 (GPC1), EMMPRIN, fibronectin, EGFR, CD24, developmental endothelial locus-1 (EDIL3)	(Ciravolo et al., 2012, Amorim et al., 2014)
Prostate cancer	CD63, EpCAM, PTK7, LZH8, PSA, CA25, HER2, FABP5, ADIRF, VATL	(Pang et al., 2020)
CNS cancer	miRNAs (miR‐301a, miR‐182‐5p, miR‐328‐3p, miR‐339‐5p, miR‐340‐5p, miR‐485‐3p, miR‐486‐5p, miR‐543, miR‐320, miR‐301a), mRNAa (RNU6‐1, IDH1, c‐MET, ABCB1, MMP2, ITG‐A9) and proteins(EGFR, EGFRvIII, APOE, C3, FOLR1, PTRF)	(Testa et al., 2021)
Head and neck cancer	miR‐27a‐3p, miR‐184, miR‐223‐3p, Let‐7b‐5p, HOTAIR, CD81, CYPA	(Testa et al., 2021)
Lung cancer	miR‐502‐5p, miR‐378a, miR‐379, miR‐151a‐5p, miR‐376a‐5p, miR‐1974, miR‐139‐5p, miR‐200b‐5p, miR‐629, miR‐17, miR‐190b, miR‐30a‐3p, miR‐100, miR‐154‐3p
Oesophageal Cancer	miR‐126‐5p, miR‐192‐5p, miR‐196b‐5p, miR‐146a‐5p, miR‐223‐3p, miR‐409‐3p, miR‐223‐5p, miR‐483‐5p, miR‐22‐3p, miR‐23b‐5p, miR‐203‐5p, miR‐27b‐3p, miR‐149‐5p	(Warnecke-Eberz et al., 2015, Zhou et al., 2017)