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. 2022 Apr 22;13:873332. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873332

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Copyright © 2022 Monteleone, Franzè, Troncone, Maresca and Marafini

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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IL-34 mediates cross-talk between stromal cells and immune cells in inflammatory bowel diseases. IL-34 produced by intestinal stromal cells stimulates immune cells to make inflammatory cytokines and regulates, in an autocrine or paracrine manner, production of collagen by stromal cells. Similarly, immune cell-derived IL-34 regulates the function of both stromal cells and immune cells. COL1A1, collagen type I alpha 1 chain; COL3A1, collagen type III alpha 1 chain; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-34, interleukin-34.