Fig. 1. Effects of EtOH extract of A. tsaoko seeds, water-soluble and hexane-soluble fractions on inhibiting the activity of SPHK1 and SPHK2. SPHK1/2 were treated with the extract or the fractions (100 μg mL−1), and SPHK1/2 activity was evaluated based on the overall level of converted ADP. Enzymatic activity of (A) SPHK1 and (B) SPHK2. All data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean of independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 indicate significant differences compared with the control group.
