Table 1. Characteristics of patients in the HPD and non-HPD groups.
| Variable | Training set (n=844) | Testing set (n=211) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HPD (n=93) | Non-HPD (n=751) | P | HPD (n=25) | Non-HPD (n=186) | P | ||
| Age ≥65 years, n (%) | 34 (36.6) | 414 (55.1) | 0.147 | 8 (32.0) | 83 (44.6) | 0.231 | |
| Male, n (%) | 73 (78.5) | 686 (85.6) | 0.068 | 14 (56.0) | 130 (69.9) | 0.161 | |
| Stage, n (%) | 0.905 | 0.713 | |||||
| I–II | 2 (2.2) | 19 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | |||
| III–IV | 91 (97.8) | 732 (96.9) | 25 (100.0) | 185 (99.5) | |||
| ECOG PS, n (%) | 0.994 | 0.411 | |||||
| 0–1 | 89 (95.7) | 724 (96.4) | 24 (96.0) | 183 (98.4) | |||
| 2 | 4 (4.3) | 27 (3.6) | 1 (4.0) | 3 (1.6) | |||
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.481 | 0.908 | |||||
| Current/former | 60 (64.5) | 508 (67.6) | 13 (52.0) | 99 (53.2) | |||
| None | 33 (35.5) | 243 (32.4) | 12 (48.0) | 87 (46.8) | |||
| Histology, n (%) | 0.575 | 0.997 | |||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 47 (50.5) | 415 (55.3) | 13 (52.0) | 100 (53.8) | |||
| Squamous lung cancer | 30 (32.3) | 239 (31.8) | 8 (32.0) | 56 (30.1) | |||
| Small cell lung cancer | 9 (9.7) | 62 (8.3) | 2 (8.0) | 16 (8.6) | |||
| Others | 7 (7.5) | 35 (4.7) | 2 (8.0) | 14 (7.5) | |||
| Therapy lines of ICI, n (%) | 0.404 | 0.455 | |||||
| 1 | 10 (10.8) | 64 (8.5) | 3(12.0) | 37 (19.9) | |||
| 2 | 56 (60.2) | 445 (59.3) | 18(72.0) | 131 (70.4) | |||
| ≥3 | 27 (29.0) | 242 (32.2) | 4(16.0) | 18 (9.7) | |||
| PD-L1 status, n (%) | 0.668 | 0.711 | |||||
| <1 | 5 (5.4) | 47 (6.3) | 5 (20.0) | 37 (19.9) | |||
| 1–50% | 7 (7.5) | 54 (7.2) | 3 (12.0) | 13 (7.0) | |||
| >50% | 2 (2.2) | 30 (4.0) | 2 (8.0) | 9 (4.8) | |||
| Unknown | 79 (84.9) | 620 (82.5) | 15 (60.0) | 127 (68.3) | |||
| Molecular status, n (%) | 0.492 | 0.438 | |||||
| EGFR/ALK/ROS-1 | 4 (4.3) | 37 (4.9) | 4 (16.0) | 20 (10.8) | |||
| Wild type | 89 (95.7) | 714 (95.1) | 21 (84.0) | 166 (89.2) | |||
| Organs with metastases, n (%) | 0.438 | 0.881 | |||||
| ≤2 | 82 (88.2) | 647 (86.2) | 21 (84.0) | 154 (82.8) | |||
| ≥3 | 11 (11.8) | 104 (13.8) | 4 (16.0) | 32 (17.2) | |||
| Combination with chemotherapy | 0.486 | 0.725 | |||||
| No | 50 (53.8) | 490 (65.2) | 11 (44.0) | 75 (40.3) | |||
| Yes | 43 (46.2) | 261 (34.8) | 14 (56.0) | 111 (59.7) | |||
| Antibiotics in 2 weeks | 0.511 | 0.602 | |||||
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 29 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) | |||
| No | 93 (100.0) | 722 (96.1) | 25 (100.0) | 184 (98.9) | |||
| Combination with corticosteroid | 0.708 | 0.812 | |||||
| No | 59 (63.4) | 520 (69.2) | 12 (48.0) | 94 (50.5) | |||
| Yes | 34 (36.6) | 231 (30.8) | 13 (52.0) | 92 (49.5) | |||
| Types of ICIs | 0.209 | 0.536 | |||||
| Nivolumab | 34 (36.6) | 330 (43.9) | 10 (40.0) | 69 (37.1) | |||
| Pembrolizumab | 42 (45.1) | 325 (43.3) | 12 (48.0) | 104 (55.9) | |||
| Durvalumab | 8 (8.6) | 32 (4.3) | 2 (8.0) | 5 (2.7) | |||
| Atezolizumab | 9 (9.7) | 64 (8.5) | 1 (4.0) | 8 (4.3) | |||
HPD, hyperprogressive disease; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, performance status; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; PD-L1, programmed death-1; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase; ROS-1, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase-1.