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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Reconstr Microsurg. 2021 Aug 17;38(5):343–360. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1733922

Table 5:

Unadjusted Postoperative Outcomes

Outcome Free Flap (n=1297) Pedicled Flap (n=208) Other Reconstruction (n=3207) P-value
Total Operative Time (min) <0.001
 Mean (SD) 573.91 (168.99) 439.61 (146.34) 232.96 (189.75)
 Median (Q1, Q3) 562.0 (458.0, 675.0) 428.5 (344.5, 505.5) 194.0 (70.0, 343.0)
Wound classification 0.038
 Clean 114 (8.8%) 19 (9.1%) 335 (10.4%)
 Clean/Contaminated 1155 (89.1%) 178 (85.6%) 2791 (87.0%)
 Contaminated 28 (2.2%) 11 (5.3%) 81 (2.5%)
Superficial Incisional SSI 83 (6.4%) 17 (8.2%) 91 (2.8%) <0.001
Deep Incisional SSI 58 (4.5%) 12 (5.8%) 53 (1.7%) <0.001
Organ Space SSI 29 (2.2%) 10 (4.8%) 29 (0.9%) <0.001
Wound dehiscence 65 (5.0%) 18 (8.7%) 71 (2.2%) <0.001
Pneumonia 92 (7.1%) 21 (10.1%) 89 (2.8%) <0.001
Unplanned Intubation 44 (3.4%) 6 (2.9%) 34 (1.1%) <0.001
Pulmonary Embolism 8 (0.6%) 1 (0.5%) 8 (0.2%) 0.169
Mechanical Ventilation>48hrs 88 (6.8%) 5 (2.4%) 55 (1.7%) <0.001
Progressive Renal Insufficiency 3 (0.2%) 1 (0.5%) 3 (0.1%) 0.247
Urinary Tract Infection 22 (1.7%) 3 (1.4%) 29 (0.9%) 0.071
Occurrences CVA 4 (0.3%) 1 (0.5%) 5 (0.2%) 0.416
Cardiac Arrest 15 (1.2%) 3 (1.4%) 12 (0.4%) 0.004
Myocardial Infarction 11 (0.8%) 2 (1.0%) 9 (0.3%) 0.023
Bleeding requiring transfusion 427 (32.9%) 60 (28.8%) 199 (6.2%) <0.001
DVT/Thrombophlebitis 17 (1.3%) 6 (2.9%) 14 (0.4%) <0.001
Sepsis 45 (3.5%) 17 (8.2%) 48 (1.5%) <0.001
Septic Shock 6 (0.5%) 5 (2.4%) 8 (0.2%) <0.001
Composite DVT outcome 24 (1.9%) 7 (3.4%) 20 (0.6%) <0.001
Composite Cardiac Outcome 27 (2.1%) 5 (2.4%) 23 (0.7%) <0.001
Composite Infection Outcome 186 (14.3%) 49 (23.6%) 199 (6.2%) <0.001
Unplanned Reoperation 266 (20.5%) 40 (19.2%) 213 (6.6%) <0.001
Hospital Readmission 141 (11.1%) 29 (14.1%) 252 (8.0%) <0.001