Table 3.
Early intubation and clinical outcomes
| Early intubation | Non-early intubation | p value | OR (95% CI) | Difference in median (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In-hospital mortality | |||||
| Unadjusted, n/total (%) | 18/110 (16.4%) | 87/302 (28.8%) | 0.010 | 0.48 (0.28–0.85) | |
| IPW analysis, % (95% CI) | 9.9% (6.9–12.9%) | 27.6% (22.9–32.2%) | < 0.001 | 0.29 (0.19–0.44) | |
| Hospital-free days to day 30 after intubation, days, median (IQR) | 23 (16–27) | 14 (0–25) | < 0.001 | 3 (1–5) | |
| Ventilator-free days to day 30 after intubation, days, median (IQR) | 5 (0–14) | 1 (0–15) | 0.010 | 0 (0–2) | |
| Requirement of prone ventilation, % (95% CI) | 28.8% (23.8–33.8%) | 33.4% (28.3–38.6%) | 0.206 | 0.81 (0.58–1.13) | |
| Requirement of ECMO, % (95% CI) | 1.6% (0.3–2.9%) | 14.4% (10.8–18.1%) | < 0.001 | 0.10 (0.04–0.23) | |
| Re-intubation, % (95% CI) | 10.6% (7.3–14.0%) | 7.7% (4.3–11.2%) | 0.244 | 1.42 (0.78–2.58) | |
| Nosocomial infection of COVID-19 due to HFNC/NIPPV, per institution, n/total (%) | |||||
| Pre-intubation usage | 0/16 (0.0%) | ||||
| Post-intubation usage | 0/2 (0.0%) | 0/5 (0.0%) |
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, IPW inverse probability weighting, IQR interquartile range, HFNC high-flow nasal cannula, NIPPV noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation, MV mechanical ventilation, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019