Table 3.
Acute effects of different break types on regional vascular outcomes (e.g., PWV, superficial femoral artery FMD, cerebral blood flow).
| Outcome | Author, Year | Break Type (duration/frequency) | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| PWV – Carotid-Femoral | |||
|
| |||
| Barone Gibbs et al., 201734 | Standing (30 min every 30 min) | - | |
| Kowalsky et al., 201944 | Resistance exercises (variable, 1.3-2.6 min every 60 min) | - | |
|
| |||
| PWV – Carotid-Ankle | |||
|
| |||
| Barone Gibbs et al., 201734 | Standing (30 min every 30 min) | ↓ | |
| Kowalsky et al., 201944 | Resistance exercises (variable, 1.3-2.6 min every 60 min) | - | |
|
| |||
| PWV – Carotid-Radial | |||
|
| |||
| Barone Gibbs et al., 201734 | Standing (30 min every 30 min) | - | |
| Kowalsky et al., 201944 | Resistance exercises (variable, 1.3-2.6 min every 60 min) | - | |
|
| |||
| SFA FMD | |||
|
| |||
| Carter et al., 201938 | Light walking (2 min every 30 min) | - | |
| Carter et al., 201938 | Light walking (8 min every 120 min) | - | |
| Climie et al., 201840 | Resistance exercises (3 min every 30 min) | ↑↑ | |
| Kerr et al., 201743 | Standing (2 min every 20 min) | - | |
| Kerr et al., 201743 | Standing (10 min every 60 min) | ↑+ | |
| Kerr et al., 201743 | Light walking (2 min every 60 min) | ↑↑ | |
|
| |||
| SFA blood flow | |||
|
| |||
| Carter et al., 201938 | Light walking (2 min every 30 min) | - | |
| Carter et al., 201938 | Light walking (8 min every 120 min) | ↑ | |
| Climie et al., 201840 | Resistance exercises (3 min every 30 min) | - | |
|
| |||
| SFA shear rate | |||
|
| |||
| Carter et al., 201938 | Light walking (2 min every 30 min) | - | |
| Carter et al., 201938 | Light walking (8 min every 120 min) | ↑* | |
| Climie et al., 201840 | Resistance exercises (3 min every 30 min) | - | |
|
| |||
| MCAv | |||
|
| |||
| Perdomo et al., 201935 | Standing (30 min every 30 min) | - | |
| Carter et al., 201837 | Light walking (2 min every 30 min) | ↑ | |
| Carter et al., 201837 | Light walking (8 min every 120 min) | - | |
| Wheeler et al., 2019a50 | Moderate walking (30 min continuous bout + 3 min every 30 min) | - | |
Note: - No effect; ↑ Single arrow p <0.05; ↑↑ Double arrow p <0.01; ↑* Trend - p 0.05-0.1; ↑+p 0.0167-0.05 where p <0.0167 considered statistically significant based on reported Bonferroni adjustment.
Direction of observed effect is reflected in directionality of arrow. Prolonged sitting is the reference condition.
FMD, flow mediated dilation; MCAv, middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity; PWV, pulse wave velocity; SFA, superficial femoral artery