FIGURE 3.

Multivariable association of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status with incident heart failure overall (A), with reduced ejection fraction (B), and with preserved ejection fraction (C). Baseline medication use includes all cardiovascular-related medications. Interim acute coronary events include hospitalized acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina after study entry and occurrence of either newly diagnosed heart failure or a censoring event. Demographic characteristics include index age, sex, race/ethnicity, low income by census block, and low educational level by census block. Medical history includes baseline smoking status, acute coronary syndrome, coronary revascularization, atrial fibrillation, mitral or aortic valvular disease, peripheral artery disease, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, depression, chronic liver disease, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, proteinuria, alcohol abuse, drug use, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Medications include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, α-adrenergic receptor agonists, aldosterone receptor antagonists, statins, nonstatin lipid therapies, anticoagulants, diabetic therapies, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. aHR = adjusted hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval.