Table 3.
UHPLC-MS/MS chemical profiling of SGR after different pretreatments and drying
| Peak no. | Rt (min) | Selected ion | Observed/ calculate mass (m/z) | Error | Formula | MS/MS fragmentation patterns | 0 min | Su.D | Sh.D | Ov.D | Identification | Ref | Classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 65℃ | 105℃ | |||||||||||||
| 1 | 0.333 | [M-H]− | 341.1093/341.1089 | 1.1 | C12H22O11 | 179, 113, 101 | B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Sucrose | [34] | Others |
| 2 | 0.373 | [M-H]− | 191.0206/191.0197 | 4.5 | C6H8O7 | 111 | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Citric acid | [35] | Organic acid |
| 3 | 0.967 | [M-H]− | 315.0726/315.0722 | 1.5 | C13H16O9 | 152, 109, 108 | B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Protocatechuic acid hexoside (isomer) | [36–38] | Phenolic acid |
| 4 | 1.037 | [M-H]− | 255.0519/255.051 | 3.4 | C11H12O7 | 179,165,125,107 | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | piscidic acid | [39] | Organic acid | |
| 5 | 1.36 | [M-H]− | 359.098/359.0984 | 2 | C15H20O10 | 197, 182, 153, 138, 123 | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | 4-glucopyranosyloxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzoic acid | [40] | Organic acid |
| 6 | 1.845 | [M-H]− | 577.1378/577.1352 | 4.6 | C30H26O12 | 425, 407, 381, 289, 245, 125 | S | U, B, S | U, B | B, S | U, B, S | Procyanidin B1 | [37] | Tannin |
| 7 | 2.111 | [M-H]− | 289.0722/289.0718 | 1.5 | C15H14O6 | 271, 245, 205, 179, 151 | U, S | Catechin | [14, 35] | Flavonoid | ||||
| 8 | 2.256 | [M-H]− | 469.1147/469.114 | 1.4 | C24H22O10 | 315, 289, 247, 205, 109 | S | B, S | B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | (2R,3S)-8-[β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-α-carboxyl-3-oxopropyl]-substituted catechin | [14, 41] | Flavonoid |
| 9 | 2.262 | [M-H]− | 239.0556/239.0561 | − 2.1 | C11H12O6 | 149, 133, 107 | B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Syringic acid acetate | [42] | Phenolic acid |
| 10 | 2.445 | [M-H]− | 335.0783/335.0772 | 3.1 | C16H16O8 | 291, 179, 161, 135 | S | S | S | 3-O-caffeoyl-γ-quinide | [43] | Others | ||
| 11 | 2.556 | [M-H]− | 387.1290/387.1297 | -1.7 | C17H24O10 | 207, 192, 177 | U, B | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | 3-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone | [14] | Others |
| 12 | 2.579 | [M-H]− | 577.1375/577.1352 | 4 | C30H26O12 | 425, 407, 381, 289, 245, 125 | S | U, B, S | U, B, S | S | U, B, S | Procyanidin B2 | [37] | Tannin |
| 13 | 2.626 | [M-H]− | 335.0760/335.0772 | − 3.6 | C16H16O8 | 291, 179, 161, 135 | B, S | B, S | (Trans) caffeoylshikimic acid II | [44] | Organic acid | |||
| 14 | 2.748 | [M-H]− | 335.0765/335.0772 | − 2.1 | C16H16O8 | 291, 179, 161, 135 | S | B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Caffeoylshikimic acid III | [44] | Organic acid |
| 15 | 2.874 | [M-H]− | 289.0716/289.0718 | − 0.5 | C15H14O6 | 205, 201, 187, 151, 123, 109 | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Epicatechin | [35] | Flavonoid |
| 16 | 3.078 | [M-H]− | 335.0775/335.0772 | 0.8 | C16H14O8 | 291, 179, 161, 135 | U | U, B | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid | [14, 45] | Organic acid |
| 17 | 3.134 | [M-H]− | 461.1687/461.1665 | 4.8 | C20H30O12 | 415, 191, 149, 113 | S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Decaffeoylverbascoside | [46] | Others |
| 18 | 3.582 | [M-H]− | 339.0730/339.0722 | 2.5 | C15H16O9 | 193, 192 | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Smiglanin | [14, 47] | Others |
| 19 | 3.608 | [M-H]− | 237.0770/237.0769 | 0.6 | C12H14O5 | 145,119,117 | B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | 1-O-coumaroylglycerol | [48] | Others |
| 20 | 3.817 | [M-H]− | 335.0780/335.0772 | 2.3 | C16H16O8 | 291, 179, 161, 135 | B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Caffeoylshikimic acid IV | [44] | Organic acid |
| 21 | 3.899 | [M-H]− | 465.1047/465.1039 | 1.9 | C21H22O12 | 437, 303, 285, 179, 151 | U | U, B | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Taxifolin-3'-O-glucoside | [36] | Flavonoid |
| 22 | 4.218 | [M-H]− | 465.1045/465.1039 | 1.4 | C21H22O12 | 303, 285, 275, 151 | S | Taxifolin-3-glucopyranoside | [49] | Flavonoid | ||||
| 23 | 4.774 | [M-H]− | 451.1050/451.1034 | 3.4 | C24H20O9 | 341 | B | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Cinchonain Ia | [41] | Tannin |
| 24 | 4.925 | [M-H]− | 447.0931/447.0933 | − 0.5 | C21H20O11 | 283, 255, 239, 211 | B, S | U | U, B | S | Kaempferol-3-O-galactoside | [50] | Flavonoid | |
| 25 | 4.952 | [M-H]− | 449.1111/449.1089 | 4.9 | C21H22O11 | 303, 285, 151 | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Neoastilbin | [14] | Flavonoid |
| 26 | 5.183 | [M-H]− | 449.1098/449.1089 | 1.9 | C21H22O11 | 303, 285, 151 | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Astilbin | [45] | Flavonoid |
| 27 | 6.194 | [M-H]− | 463.0865/463.0882 | − 3.7 | C21H20O12 | 299, 271, 255, 243, 231 | B | B | Isoquercitrin | [51] | Flavonoid | |||
| 28 | 6.201 | [M-H]− | 449.1099/449.1089 | 2.1 | C21H22O11 | 303, 285, 151 | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Neoisoastilbin | [14] | Flavonoid |
| 29 | 6.225 | [M-H]− | 447.0947/447.0933 | 0.9 | C21H20O11 | 285, 255, 239, 179, 159 | B, S | U, B, S | U | B | Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside | [50, 52] | Flavonoid | |
| 30 | 6.457 | [M-H]− | 449.1099/449.1089 | 2.1 | C21H22O11 | 303, 285, 151 | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Isoastilbin | [14, 36] | Flavonoid |
| 31 | 6.634 | [M-H]− | 447.0947/447.0933 | 3.2 | C21H20O11 | 301, 283, 255, 239, 179, 151 | U, B, S | U | U, B | U, B | U, B | Quercitrin | [53] | Flavonoid |
| 32 | 6.658 | [M-H]− | 433.1151/433.1140 | 2.5 | C21H22O10 | 287, 269, 259, 178, 152 | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B | Engeletin | [14, 45, 52] | Flavonoid |
| 33 | 7.297 | [M-H]− | 227.0722/227.0714 | − 4.7 | C14H12O3 | 185, 183, 159, 157, 143 | U, B | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Resveratrol | [14, 52, 54] | Others |
| 34 | 7.615 | [M-H]− | 433.1143/433.1140 | 0.6 | C21H22O10 | 287, 269, 259, 180, 152 | B, S | B, S | B, S | B, S | B, S | Neoisoengeletin | [14, 52] | Flavonoid |
| 35 | 8.466 | [M-H]− | 433.1147/433.1140 | 1.6 | C21H22O10 | 287, 269, 259, 180, 152 | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Isoengeletin | [14, 52] | Flavonoid |
| 36 | 9.389 | [M-H]− | 451.1023/451.1034 | − 2.6 | C24H20O9 | 341 | B | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Cinchonain Ib | [41, 52] | Tannin |
| 37 | 9.59 | [M + CH3COOH-H]− | 723.5067/723.5053 | 2 | C41H72O10 | 677, 451, 225 | U, B, S | Unknown | Others | |||||
| 38 | 12.393 | [M-H]− | 271.0620/271.0612 | 3 | C15H12O5 | 177, 151, 119, 107 | U, B | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Naringenin | [14] | Flavonoid |
| 39 | 12.521 | [M-H] + | 453.3441/453.3422 | 4.2 | C23H50O8 | 569, 343, 326, 227, 209, 111, 100 | U, B, S | Unknown | Others | |||||
| 40 | 13.11 | [M-H]− | 735.2151735.2142 | 1.2 | C34H40O18 | 559, 499, 193, 175, 160 | U | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Smilaside B | [36] | Phenylpropanoid glycosides |
| 41 | 13.413 | [M-H]− | 777.2269/777.2247 | 2.8 | C36H42O19 | 735, 717, 601, 559, 499, 193, 175, 160 | U, B | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Smilaside A | [36, 55] | Phenylpropanoid glycosides |
| 42 | 13.834 | [M-H]− | 777.2282/777.2247 | 4.4 | C36H42O19 | 735, 717, 601, 559, 193, 175, 160 | U, B | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Smilaside M | [36, 56] | Phenylpropanoid glycosides |
| 43 | 14.922 | [M-H]− | 819.2362/819.2353 | 1.0 | C38H44O20 | 777, 759, 583, 559, 193, 175, 160 | U, B | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Sparganiaside A or Phenylpropanoid glycosides | [14, 15, 36] | Phenylpropanoid glycosides |
| 44 | 14.939 | [M-H]− | 839.2393/839.2404 | − 1.3 | C41H44O19 | 693, 663, 645, 483, 319, 217, 175, 145 | U, B | U, B, S | U, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Smilaside C or smilaside J | [36] | Phenylpropanoid glycosides |
| 45 | 14.956 | [M-H]− | 819.2383/819.2353 | 3.6 | C38H44O20 | 777, 717, 601, 583, 513, 175 | U, B | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Smiglaside C | [36] | Phenylpropanoid glycosides |
| 46 | 15.046 | [M-H]− | 401.0897/401.0878 | 4.7 | C20H18O9 | 313, 121 | B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Frangulin B | [57] | Others |
| 47 | 15.483 | [M-H]− | 819.2364/819.2353 | 1.3 | C38H44O20 | 777, 643, 601, 583, 513, 175 | U, B | B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Sparganiaside A or phenylpropanoid glycosides | [14, 15, 36] | Phenylpropanoid glycosides |
| 48 | 15.58 | [M-H]− | 881.2553/881.2510 | 4.9 | C43H46O20 | 735, 705, 687, 559, 483, 175 | U | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Smilaside D or smilaside E orsmilaside K | [36] | Phenylpropanoid glycosides |
| 49 | 16.115 | [M-H]− | 923.2647/923.2615 | 3.4 | C45H48O21 | 881, 863, 777, 747, 483 | U, B | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Smiglaside E | [15, 36] | Phenylpropanoid glycosides |
| 50 | 16.463 | [M-H]− | 953.2762/953.2721 | 4.3 | C46H50O22 | 911, 777, 759, 601 | U, B | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Smiglaside B | [14, 15, 36] | Phenylpropanoid glycosides |
| 51 | 16.85 | [M-H]− | 965.2769/965.2721 | 5 | C47H50O22 | 923, 905, 789, 747, 483 | U, B | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Smiglaside D | [14, 15, 36] | Phenylpropanoid glycosides |
| 52 | 17.592 | [M-H]− | 965.2726/965.2721 | 0.5 | C47H50O22 | 923, 905, 789, 777, 747, 559, 483, 175 | U, B | U, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | Phenylpropanoid glycosides | [36] | Phenylpropanoid glycosides |
| 53 | 18.32 | [M-H]− | 339.2344/339.2330 | 4.2 | C23H32O2 | 163 | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | U, B, S | 2,2'-Bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol)methane | [58] | Others |
U, un-pretreated; B, boiled; S, steamed; 0 min, the samples prior to being dried; Su.D, sun-drying; Sh.D, shade-drying; Ov.D 65 ℃, oven-drying at 65 ℃; Ov.D 105 ℃, oven-drying at 105 ℃