Fig. 6.

RWF extract inhibited ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis signaling pathways in human BPH tissues. a Schematic diagram of culturing BPH tissue ex vivo from human samples. BPH tissues were treated with 250 and 500 μg/ml RWF extract for 48 h. b The mRNA expression levels of ER-stress and autophagy-associated genes were measured by qRT-PCR in human BPH explants treated with 250and 500 μg/ml RWF extract for 24 h. Data were presented as mean ± SD. (n = 3). c The expression levels of target proteins from ER stress signaling pathway, pro-apoptotic and autophagy-related proteins were increased in a concentration-dependent manner in human BPH explants under the treatment of 250 and 500 μg/ml RWF extract for 24 h (to induce ER stress and autophagy) and 48 h (to induce apoptosis)