Comparison of fluoride adsorption properties of HAP-MMT nanocomposite with other reported HAP based materials.
| Adsorbent (mm) | Concentration range or highest concentration used (ppm) | Contact Time (min) | Adsorption capacity (mg g−1) | Filter bed column studies | Ref. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial concentration | Flow rate | Diameter, thickness of column | Break through capacity | |||||
| Modified HAP with activated alumina | 10–200 | 480 | 14.4 | 3 | Not given | 11 | 400 L g−1 | 63 |
| Al-HAP | 200 | 180 | 98.8 | 5 | 10 ml min−1 | 2, 0.3 | 1568 L m−2 | 64 |
| HAP-MMT | 30 | 30 | 16.7 | 1.5 | 10 ml min−1 | 10, 0.2 | 1600 L g−1 | This work |
| HAP-alginate | 10 | 30 | 3.87 | Not reported | 57 | |||
| HAP-cellulose | 10 | 360 | 4.2 | Not reported | 35 | |||
| Magnetic HAP-alginate | 10 | 30 | 4.05 | Not reported | 15 | |||
| HAP-CTS | 10 | 30 | 1.56 | Not reported | 65 | |||
| Multiwall CNT-HAP | 3–50 | 150 | 30.22 | Not reported | 30 | |||
| HAP-gelatin | 8–14 | 4.157 | Not reported | 58 | ||||
| CNT-HAP | — | 300 | 11.05 | Not reported | 58 | |||
| Mineral substituted HAP | 10 | 60 | 8.36 | Not reported | 66 | |||