Analyses of real biological samples with the Mn2O3/NiO NP/binder/GCE sensor.
| Sample | Added choline conc. (μM) | Measured choline conc.a by Mn2O3/NiO NP/binder/GCE (μM) | Average recoveryb (%) | RSDc (%) (n = 3) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R1 | R2 | R3 | ||||
| Human serum | 0.01 | 0.009901 | 0.009885 | 0.009835 | 98.74 | 0.35 |
| Mouse serum | 0.01 | 0.009732 | 0.009637 | 0.009585 | 96.51 | 0.77 |
| Rabbit serum | 0.01 | 0.009973 | 0.009942 | 0.009954 | 99.56 | 0.16 |
a
Mean of three repeated determination (signal to noise ratio 3) with Mn2O3/NiO NPs/binder/GCE.
b
Concentration of choline determined/Concentration taken (unit: nM).
c
Relative standard deviation value indicates precision among three repeated measurements (R1, R2, R3).