Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of OS and CSS in CRC patients with distant metastasis.
| Variables | Univariate analysis of OS | Multivariate analysis of OS | Multivariate analysis of CSS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Age, years | ||||||
| 18–44 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 45–64 | 1.19 (1.08–1.32) | <0.001* | 1.14 (1.02–1.26) | 0.016* | 1.11 (1.00–1.23) | 0.058 |
| 65–84 | 1.69 (1.52–1.88) | <0.001* | 1.52 (1.37–1.70) | <0.001* | 1.35 (1.21–1.51) | <0.001* |
| >85 | 3.33 (2.86–3.89) | <0.001* | 3.08 (2.63–3.61) | <0.001* | 2.14 (1.75–2.62) | <0.001* |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | Reference | – | – | |||
| Male | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 0.814 | – | – | ||
| Race | ||||||
| White | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Black | 1.10 (1.02–1.19) | 0.012* | 1.15 (1.06–1.24) | <0.001* | 1.09 (1.01–1.18) | 0.032* |
| AI | 1.04 (0.74–1.48) | 0.810 | 1.24 (0.87–1.76) | 0.227 | 0.94 (0.63–1.43) | 0.780 |
| API | 0.93 (0.84–1.03) | 0.142 | 0.98 (0.89–1.09) | 0.745 | 0.93 (0.83–1.05) | 0.240 |
| Primary site | ||||||
| Right colon | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Left colon | 0.67 (0.63–0.71) | <0.001* | 0.76 (0.71–0.81) | <0.001* | 0.77 (0.72–0.82) | <0.001* |
| Rectum | 0.69 (0.64–0.74) | <0.001* | 0.62 (0.56–0.68) | <0.001* | 0.63 (0.58–0.69) | 0.000* |
| Histology | ||||||
| Adenocarcinoma | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Others | 2.02 (1.61–2.54) | <0.001* | 1.50 (1.18–1.88) | <0.001* | 1.47 (1.06–2.03) | 0.021* |
| Grade | ||||||
| Well | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Moderately | 0.96 (0.83–1.10) | 0.552 | 1.02 (0.89–1.18) | 0.740 | 1.12 (0.97–1.30) | 0.110 |
| Poorly | 1.54 (1.33–1.79) | <0.001* | 1.52 (1.31–1.77) | <0.001* | 1.62 (1.39–1.90) | <0.001* |
| Undifferentiated | 1.72 (1.43–2.08) | <0.001* | 1.66 (1.37–2.00) | <0.001* | 1.68 (1.37–2.07) | <0.001* |
| Tumor size, cm | ||||||
| 0–5 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| >5 | 1.28 (1.21–1.36) | <0.001* | 1.26 (1.19–1.33) | <0.001* | 1.23 (1.16–1.31) | <0.001* |
| N stage | ||||||
| N0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| N1 | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) | 0.196 | 1.14 (1.05–1.23) | 0.002* | 1.11 (1.02–1.20) | 0.019* |
| N2 | 1.42 (1.31–1.53) | <0.001* | 1.54 (1.42–1.67) | <0.001* | 1.51 (1.39–1.65) | 0.000* |
| CEA | ||||||
| Normal | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Elevated | 1.49 (1.38–1.60) | <0.001* | 1.50 (1.39–1.62) | <0.001* | 1.44 (1.33–1.56) | 0.000* |
| Borderline | 1.18 (0.73–1.91) | 0.496 | 1.14 (0.70–1.84) | 0.602 | 0.98 (0.54–1.77) | 0.950 |
| Surg Prim Site | ||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Yes | 0.60 (0.56–0.65) | <0.001* | 0.47 (0.43–0.52) | <0.001* | 0.53 (0.49–0.59) | 0.000* |
| Surg Dis Site | ||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Yes | 0.61 (0.57–0.66) | <0.001* | 0.71 (0.66–0.76) | <0.001* | 0.76 (0.71–0.82) | <0.001* |
Surg Prim Site, primary site surgery; Surg Dis Site, distant metastasis site surgery; HR, hazard ratio; OS, overall survival; CSS, cancer-specific survival; CRC, colorectal cancer; HR, hazard ratio; AI, American Indian/Alaska Native; API, Asian/Pacific Islander.
*p < 0.05.