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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 6.
Published in final edited form as: J Appl Phys. 2012;112(10):10.1063/1.4767118. doi: 10.1063/1.4767118

FIG. 4.

FIG. 4.

Effect of residual water in the membrane on measuring the water content. (a) Colorized image of the cuvette with a PEMFC test section in front showing the shift in observed optical density due to the water content of the in the MEA. (b) The change in the observed optical density due to beam hardening is a change in the linear term converting optical density to water thickness. (c) This effect was measured for various membrane water contents and compared to the prediction using Eq. (11) with no free parameters. The reasonably good agreement between the data and the prediction indicate that the residual water effect on the effective water calibration has been adequately modeled.