. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 6.

Published in final edited form as: J Appl Phys. 2012;112(10):10.1063/1.4767118. doi: 10.1063/1.4767118

TABLE II.

Percent relative error due to isolated systematic effects. In all cases, the systematic effect results in observing less water than is actually present.

Systematic effect	Percent relative error in t_w for λ = 10 (20), 1 cm width	Equation, Figure

Beam hardening	7% (12%)	Eq. (7)
Residual water (λ = 3)	20% (33%)	Eq. (11)
Membrane swelling	19% (24%)	Eq. (14)
13 μm resolution and 50 μm thick membrane	6%	Figure 7