[Table 4].
Regression Results for Korean Americans
| Behavioral Outcomes | Positive Affect | Negative Affect | Depressive Symptoms | Suicidal Thoughts | Nonsuicidal Self-Injury | Illegal Substance Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | OR | OR | OR | |
| Model 1 | ||||||
| Emerging adult | ‒0.15* (0.07) | ‒0.35*** (0.08) | ‒0.04 (0.09) | 0.86 | 0.72 | 2.29+ |
| Nativity | ‒0.12+ (0.07) | 0.16* (0.08) | 0.33*** (0.09) | 1.29 | 1.76+ | 1.65 |
| Female | ‒0.09 (0.07) | 0.13+ (0.07) | 0.31*** (0.08) | 2.63** | 2.02* | 0.57 |
| Family socioeconomic status | 0.15*** (0.04) | ‒0.08+ (0.05) | ‒0.14** (0.05) | 0.87 | 1.00 | 1.07 |
| Foreigner | ‒0.14** (0.04) | 0.27*** (0.05) | 0.34*** (0.05) | 1.53* | 1.47+ | 1.40 |
| Achievement | 0.06 (0.05) | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.09 (0.06) | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.61 |
| Mobility | ‒0.03 (0.05) | 0.00 (0.05) | ‒0.03 (0.06) | 0.81 | 0.91 | 1.02 |
| Model 2A (Two-Way) | ||||||
| Foreigner × Achievement | 0.06 (0.05) | 0.09 (0.06) | 0.06 (0.07) | 0.99 | 1.52 | 1.76 |
| Foreigner × Mobility | ‒0.10+ (0.05) | ‒0.09 (0.06) | ‒0.18** (0.07) | 0.97 | 1.31 | 1.02 |
| Achievement × Mobility | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.09+ (0.05) | 0.10+ (0.06) | 0.80 | 0.46** | 0.40* |
| Foreigner × Emerging adult | 0.02 (0.09) | 0.15 (0.09) | ‒0.09 (0.10) | 0.52 | 0.87 | 1.39 |
| Achievement × Emerging adult | ‒0.20+ (0.11) | ‒0.01 (0.11) | 0.07 (0.13) | 0.65 | 0.40+ | 0.17* |
| Mobility × Emerging adult | ‒0.06 (0.10) | ‒0.03 (0.11) | 0.03 (0.12) | 0.58 | 0.44+ | 0.69 |
| Model 2B (Two-Way) | ||||||
| Foreigner × Achievement | 0.02 (0.05) | 0.11+ (0.06) | 0.07 (0.06) | 0.88 | 1.31 | 1.29 |
| Foreigner × Mobility | ‒0.09 (0.05) | ‒0.12* (0.06) | ‒0.19** (0.07) | 1.03 | 1.22 | 0.96 |
| Achievement × Mobility | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.11* (0.05) | 0.11* (0.05) | 0.82 | 0.53* | 0.40* |
| Foreigner × Nativity | ‒0.10 (0.09) | ‒0.00 (0.10) | 0.15 (0.11) | 1.32 | 0.60 | 1.15 |
| Achievement × Nativity | ‒0.06 (0.10) | 0.06 (0.11) | ‒0.07 (0.13) | 0.30* | 1.03 | 0.16* |
| Mobility × Nativity | 0.26* (0.10) | ‒0.21+ (0.11) | ‒0.32* (0.13) | 1.30 | 1.51 | 0.74 |
|
Model 3A
(Three-Way [Emerging Adult]) |
||||||
| Foreigner × Achievement | ‒0.06 (0.12) | 0.43*** (0.12) | 0.45** (0.14) | 2.57+ | 0.81 | 1.86 |
| Foreigner × Mobility | 0.09 (0.11) | ‒0.08 (0.12) | 0.13 (0.13) | 0.73 | 0.53 | 2.26 |
| Achievement × Mobility | 0.01 (0.10) | 0.13 (0.11) | 0.15 (0.12) | 3.26* | 1.73 | 0.66 |
|
Model 3B
(Three-Way [Nativity]) |
||||||
| Foreigner × Achievement | 0.13 (0.11) | 0.10 (0.12) | ‒0.20 (0.13) | 0.62 | 0.68 | 0.83 |
| Foreigner × Mobility | ‒0.09 (0.12) | 0.06 (0.13) | 0.01 (0.15) | 0.52 | 0.36 | 0.79 |
| Achievement × Mobility | ‒0.06 (0.10) | 0.05 (0.11) | 0.16 (0.12) | 2.18 | 7.54** | 5.78* |
| R2(Model 1/Model 2A) | 0.10/0.13+ | 0.16/0.19+ | 0.20/0.23+ | 0.06/0.08 | 0.04/0.09* | 0.06/0.13+ |
| R2(Model 1/Model 2B) | 0.10/0.14* | 0.16/0.19* | 0.20/0.25** | 0.06/0.09 | 0.04/0.08 | 0.06/0.13+ |
| R2(Model 2A/Model 3A) | 0.13/0.13 | 0.19/0.22** | 0.23/0.26** | 0.08/0.11+ | 0.09/0.10 | 0.13/0.14 |
| R2(Model 2B/Model 3B) | 0.14/0.15 | 0.19/0.19 | 0.25/0.26 | 0.09/0.10 | 0.08/0.11* | 0.13/0.15 |
Note. Emerging adult (0 = adolescent; 1 = emerging adult); Nativity (0 = foreign-born; 1 = U.S.-born); Gender (0 = male; 1 = female); Foreigner = perpetual foreigner stereotype; Achievement = achievement aspect of the model minority stereotype; Mobility = mobility aspect of the model minority stereotype. The findings from Model 1, Model 2A/Model 2B, and Model 3A/Model 3B are combined in such a way that the top of the column shows coefficients from Model 1 and the bottom of the column shows interaction coefficients from Model 2A/Model 2B and Model 3A/Model 3B. R2 for binary outcomes are adjusted R2 (pseudo R2). Regression results for minor assault, felony assault, and delinquency were not reported because no significant direct, two-way, or three-way interaction effects with Foreigner, Achievement, and Mobility were found.
p < .1
p < .05
p < .01
p < .001.