TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Controls n = 66 | Relatives n = 103 | PwP n = 163 | Statistic | |
| Mean age in years (SD) | 41.16 (12.69) | 45.93c (14.24) | 40.18c (12.65) | F(2,329) = 6.26, p = 0.002 |
| Female sex | 35 (53.0%) | 65c (63.1%) | 68c (41.7%) | χ2(2,332) = 11.75, p = 0.003 |
| Racial/ethnic minority identity | 6a (9.1%) | 13c (12.6%) | 52ac (31.9%) | χ2(2,332) = 21.36, p < 0.001 |
| Parent education | 5.77 (1.18) | 5.56 (1.22) | 5.39 (1.28) | H(2) = 4.44, p = 0.108 |
| Participant education (years) | 16.08ab (2.27) | 15.10bc (2.30) | 13.96ac (2.02) | F(2,329) = 24.62, p < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.15a (5.18) | 28.39c (5.93) | 31.25ac (7.40) | F(2,328) = 15.60, p < 0.001 |
| BPRS total | 27.03ab (3.51) | 32.41bc (6.84) | 44.87ac (12.45) | F(2,329) = 100.44, p < 0.001 |
| SPQ total | 7.85ab (7.51) | 14.96bc (13.09) | 31.14ac (16.33) | F(2,327) = 81.12, p < 0.001 |
| PID-5 negative affect | 0.89a (0.32) | 0.98c (0.37) | 1.31ac (0.42) | F(2,320) = 35.82, p < 0.001 |
| WAIS IQ | 109.09ab (12.28) | 101.88bc (11.35) | 97.40ac (12.15) | F(2,328) = 22.81, p < 0.001 |
Groups that share a superscript reflect a significant (p < 0.05) pairwise comparison; Participant racial/ethnic identities were as follows, in order of group (controls/relatives/PwP): 90.9/87.4/68.1% White, 4.5/6.8/20.9% Black, 1.5/2.9/3.7% Latino/a, 1.5/1.0/3.1% Asian/Asian American, 0/0/0.6% Native American, 1.5/1.9/3.7% Other; Number of participants who were missing data: nine on parent education, two on SPQ and one on WAIS IQ; Parent education = highest of either parent’s level of education achieved, coded on an ordinal scale: 1 = 7th grade or less, 2 = 7th–9th grade, 3 = 10th–12th grade, 4 = high school graduate/GED, 5 = partial college/vocational/technical/RN, 6 = 4 year college/university graduate, 7 = graduate degree; BMI = body mass index calculated as [weight/(height * height)] and then multiplied by 703 to convert to metric units; BPRS = Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (minimum score = 24); SPQ = Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire; PID-5 = Personality Inventory for DSM-5; WAIS IQ = estimated from Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.