Table 1.
General characteristics of study population
| Characteristics | Bidis | Cigarettes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GATS-1 | GATS-2 | GATS-1 | GATS-2 | |||||
| Overall n | Current bidi smokers n (%) | Overall n | Current bidi smokers n (%) | Overall n | Current cigarette smokers n (%) | Overall n | Current cigarette smokers n (%) | |
| Age (years), Mean ± SD | 38.8 ± 14.9 | 45.2 ± 13.8 | 39.0 ± 15.7 | 45.8 ± 14.4 | 38.7 ± 14.9 | 40.4 ± 12.7 | 38.9 ± 15.7 | 39.4 ± 13.6 |
| Residence | ||||||||
| Rural | 32585 | 3664 (11.2) | 37685 | 3681 (9.8) | 33903 | 1811 (5.3) | 39510 | 1111 (2.8) |
| Urban | 24427 | 1421 (5.8) | 22300 | 1014 (4.5) | 24832 | 1792 (7.2) | 22966 | 944 (4.1) |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 29135 | 454 (1.6) | 32706 | 344 (1.1) | 30037 | 120 (0.4) | 34219 | 48 (0.1) |
| Male | 27877 | 4631 (16.6) | 27279 | 4351 (15.9) | 28698 | 3483 (12.1) | 28257 | 2007 (7.1) |
| Education level | ||||||||
| No formal schooling | 15918 | 2019 (12.7) | 15713 | 1731 (11.0) | 16584 | 542 (3.3) | 16506 | 281 (1.7) |
| Primary school completed | 13410 | 1750 (13.0) | 13068 | 1588 (12.2) | 13712 | 931 (6.8) | 13442 | 494 (3.7) |
| Secondary school completed | 16162 | 999 (6.2) | 17613 | 1096 (6.2) | 16643 | 1210 (7.3) | 18453 | 785 (4.3) |
| Higher secondary school | 4930 | 183 (3.7) | 6336 | 187 (3.0) | 5073 | 379 (7.5) | 6617 | 225 (3.4) |
| College and above completed | 6458 | 105 (1.6) | 7220 | 91 (1.3) | 6589 | 538 (8.2) | 7046 | 269 (3.6) |
| Work status | ||||||||
| Government employee | 2850 | 184 (6.5) | 2134 | 120 (5.6) | 2966 | 391 (13.2) | 2301 | 154 (6.7) |
| Non-government employee | 11085 | 1466 (13.2) | 17668 | 2329 (13.2) | 11164 | 1174 (10.5) | 17850 | 940 (5.3) |
| Self-employed | 15728 | 2564 (16.3) | 10546 | 1535 (14.6) | 16151 | 1571 (9.7) | 10969 | 711 (6.5) |
| Student | 4151 | 16 (0.4) | 4485 | 11 (0.2) | 4388 | 99 (2.3) | 4774 | 49 (1.0) |
| Home maker | 19994 | 390 (2.0) | 21540 | 268 (1.2) | 20702 | 140 (0.7) | 22848 | 65 (0.3) |
| Retired | 1033 | 135 (13.1) | 1387 | 136 (9.8) | 1051 | 97 (9.2) | 1436 | 53 (3.7) |
| Unemployed | 2100 | 322 (15.3) | 2204 | 295 (13.4) | 2201 | 129 (5.9) | 2274 | 83 (3.6) |
| Wealth quintile | ||||||||
| Lower | 13124 | 1771 (13.5) | 12194 | 1516 (12.4) | 13317 | 481 (3.6) | 12749 | 290 (2.3) |
| Lower-middle | 10638 | 1288 (12.1) | 13721 | 1494 (10.9) | 10882 | 596 (5.5) | 14085 | 446 (3.2) |
| Middle | 10687 | 1020 (9.5) | 10707 | 823 (7.7) | 11246 | 800 (7.1) | 11196 | 416 (3.7) |
| Middle-upper | 11433 | 701 (6.1) | 11478 | 593 (5.2) | 11803 | 867 (7.3) | 11990 | 448 (3.7) |
| Upper | 11130 | 305 (2.7) | 11885 | 269 (2.3) | 11487 | 859 (7.5) | 12456 | 455 (3.7) |
| Smoking allowed in every room | ||||||||
| No | 12543 | 1141 (9.1) | 11001 | 1265 (11.5) | 13073 | 1119 (8.6) | 12001 | 565 (4.7) |
| Yes | 11520 | 2445 (21.2) | 9226 | 1876 (20.3) | 12051 | 1046 (8.7) | 10058 | 533 (5.3) |