Table 1.

Early research studies looking at the future of commuting to work.

Post-pandemic commuting practices (a)	Stated preference, expectation, or planned changes
Option to work from home	38% expected telework, 38% expected commute, 24% did not know, Spain (Awad-Núnez et al., 2021)
	Among new WFH, 23% expect to WFH 1 day and 14% 2+ days; Among those who already WFH, 36% expect to increase, Netherlands, (Kalter et al., 2021)
Days commuting or WFH per week	Mean (SD) WFH days last week at survey; WFH days preferred post-COVID:
	3.43 (2.13); 3.02 (1.41) Argentenia
	1.64 (2.11); 1.77 (1.98) Australia
	3.01 (2.15); 3.07 (1.47) Brazil
	3.19 (2.17); 2.91 (1.27) Chile
	3.09 (2.47); 3.30 (1.59) Colombia
	2.84 (2.32); 3.15 (1.48) Ecuador
	3.15 (2.44); 3.52 (1.44) Peru
	2.31 (2.39); 3.18 (1.97) South Africa (Balbontin et al., 2021)
Number of commuting trips per week	Mean pre-COVID, March–April, May–June, planned next week
	7.2, 3.0, 3.8, 5.0, Australia (Beck et al., 2020)
Commute distance or time	Compared to pre-COVID, employees who expect to commute less, the total commuting distance and the distance traveled by car, public transit, and bicycle decreases by 30–40%, Netherlands, (Kalter et al., 2021)
Mode change	Pre-pandemic car (72%) and public transit (28%) commuters: 10% of car and 49% of public transit may change to active UK (Harrington et al., 2022)
	January–March; April–June:
	No intention to reduce car 35%; 24%
	Thinking about reducing car 7%; 9%
	Reduced car use 24%, 30%
	Thinking about replacing public transit with active 10%; 12%
	Thinking about replacing public transit with car 2%; 5%
	Crete (Tarasi et al., 2021)
	Compared to pre-COVID, employees with the same travel days intend to increase car (+1%) and active modes (+6%) and decrease public transit (−10%), Netherlands, (Kalter et al., 2021)

WFH = work from home.

(a) Online surveys conducted during March 2020 to December 2020.