Figure 6.

PGC-1α deficiency induces spatiotemporal dyssynchrony of local calcium release in female myocytes. (A) Graphical explanation of workflow for spatial dyssynchrony (spatial-σ) estimation. Yellow line is corresponding to global CaT profile in the original line-scan recording. In the zoomed in analysis region, black curve represents a profile of time-to-peak obtained from individual pixels of the line-scan. (B) Some representative traces of local CaTs [obtained at pixels shown by coloured arrows in (A); t₁, t₂, …, t_n is time-to-peak]. (C) Representative profiles of time-to-peak from which standard deviations were calculated. (D) Spatial-σ of CaT rise time. (E) Spatial-σ of CaT decay time. (F) Graphical explanation of beat-to-beat dyssynchrony (temporal-σ) estimation. Yellow line is corresponding to global CaT profile in the original line-scan recording. Black curves represent profiles of local CaT decays and arrows show measured values (Val₁, …, Val_n) from which corresponding pixels’ standard deviations (σ₁, …, σ_n) were calculated. Mean of each pixel’s standard deviations was considered as temporal-σ of the cell. (G) Graphical explanation of structural dyssynchrony (structural-σ) estimation. Averaged line-scan frame was acquired from consecutive CaT frames and analysed as in spatial-σ estimation. (H) Temporal-σ of CaT rise time. (I) Temporal-σ of CaT decay time. (J) Structural-σ of CaT rise time. (K) Structural-σ of CaT decay time. In scatter charts red line depicts mean, whiskers SEM and cyan line distribution. Eighteen-week-old animals; Ctrl n = 4/86 (animals/cells), male KO n = 4/88, female Ctrl n = 3/47, and female KO n = 3/56. Hierarchical linear model significance: *P < 0.05 and ^¤P < 0.001.