Table 2.

Patient, Physician, and Hospital Factors Associated With Receiving Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Rather Than Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value
Canadian Cardiovascular Society class
0	Referent
1	0.99 (0.89–1.10)	0.82
2	0.98 (0.89–1.07)	0.63
3	0.97 (0.88–1.07)	0.55
4	1.51 (1.29–1.75)	<0.01
ACS low risk	1.47 (1.33–1.63)	<0.01
ACS intermediate risk	1.65 (1.51–1.80)	<0.01
ACS high risk	2.22 (1.99–2.48)	<0.01
Age, per 10 years	1.23 (1.20–1.26)	<0.01
Male sex	0.69 (0.66–0.73)	<0.01
Congestive heart failure history	1.34 (1.22–1.47)	<0.01
Smoking status
Nonsmoker	Referent
Current	1.03 (0.97–1.10)	0.33
Former	0.94 (0.89–0.99)	0.03
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	1.26 (1.15–1.40)	<0.01
Cerebrovascular disease	1.11 (1.02–1.22)	0.02
Diabetes	0.68 (0.65–0.72)	<0.01
Hypertension	0.88 (0.83–0.93)	<0.01
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
<30	1.32 (1.15–1.51)	<0.01
30–59	1.18 (1.10–1.28)	<0.01
60–89	0.94 (0.89–0.99)	0.03
≥90	Referent
Previous myocardial infarction	1.22 (1.15–1.29)	<0.01
Coronary anatomy
Left main disease	0.47 (0.43–0.50)	<0.01
3‐VD with proximal LAD	Referent
3‐VD without proximal LAD	1.97 (1.83–2.11)	<0.01
2‐VD with LAD	8.74 (8.18–9.34)	<0.01
Physician performing index angiogram
Diagnostic cardiologist	Referent
Interventional cardiologist	1.37 (1.23–1.52)	<0.01
Hospital capabilities
Angiography only	2.31 (0.96–5.56)	0.08
Angiography and PCI	1.16 (0.66–2.03)	0.62
Angiography, PCI, and coronary artery bypass graft	Referent

ACS indicates acute coronary syndrome; LAD, left anterior descending; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; and VD, vessel disease.