Table 3.
Risk of Parkinson Disease and Secondary Parkinsonism in Patients With MI and Members of the General Population Cohort, by Procedures and Complications After MI
| Variable | Parkinson disease | Secondary parkinsonism | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cumulative risk, % (95% CI) | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)* | Cumulative risk, % (95% CI) | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)* | |
| Procedures and complications during admission for MI | ||||
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | ||||
| Yes | 1.10 (0.69–1.69) | 1.12 (0.61–2.05) | … | … |
| No | 0.85 (0.78–0.94) | 0.79 (0.73–0.87) | 0.09 (0.07–0.12) | 0.74 (0.56–0.97) |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | ||||
| Yes | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | 0.83 (0.71–0.98) | 0.04 (0.02–0.08) | 0.51 (0.26–0.99) |
| No | 0.80 (0.73–0.89) | 0.78 (0.71–0.87) | 0.10 (0.08–0.13) | 0.78 (0.57–1.06) |
| Pacemaker | ||||
| Yes | 0.51 (0.21–1.06) | 0.55 (0.23–1.34) | … | … |
| No | 0.86 (0.79–0.95) | 0.80 (0.74–0.88) | 0.09 (0.07–0.12) | 0.74 (0.56–0.98) |
| Complications during first year after MI | ||||
| Cardiogenic shock or pulmonary edema | ||||
| Yes | 0.87 (0.62–1.20) | 0.87 (0.60–1.27) | 0.07 (0.03–0.15) | 0.27 (0.07–0.96) |
| No | 0.86 (0.79–0.95) | 0.79 (0.72–0.87) | 0.09 (0.07–0.12) | 0.77 (0.58–1.03) |
| Stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) | ||||
| Yes | 0.10 (0.01–0.56) | 0.21 (0.02–2.49) | 0.11 (0.01–0.60) | … |
| No | 0.87 (0.79–0.95) | 0.80 (0.74–0.88) | 0.09 (0.07–0.12) | 0.71 (0.54–0.94) |
| Heart failure | ||||
| Yes | 0.73 (0.59–0.90) | 0.88 (0.70–1.11) | 0.09 (0.05–0.15) | 0.72 (0.31–1.71) |
| No | 0.88 (0.80–0.97) | 0.78 (0.71–0.86) | 0.09 (0.07–0.12) | 0.69 (0.51–0.93) |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 0.88 (0.76–1.01) | 0.76 (0.68–0.86) | 0.09 (0.06–0.12) | 0.72 (0.49–1.06) |
| No | 0.85 (0.75–0.96) | 0.85 (0.75–0.96) | 0.09 (0.07–0.14) | 0.72 (0.48–1.09) |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | ||||
| Yes | 0.91 (0.70–1.16) | 1.01 (0.75–1.36) | 0.19 (0.08–0.42) | 0.78 (0.32–1.88) |
| No | 0.86 (0.78–0.94) | 0.79 (0.72–0.86) | 0.08 (0.06–0.11) | 0.69 (0.51–0.93) |
Ellipses (…) indicate insufficient data to compute a meaningful estimate. MI, myocardial infarction.
Controlled for matching factors by study design and adjusted for heart failure, stable angina pectoris, atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter, valvular heart disease, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, stroke, intermittent claudication, obesity, diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, alcoholism‐related disease, head trauma, osteoarthritis, anemia, chronic kidney disease, depression, a modified Charlson Comorbidity Index score, antipsychotics, calcium channel blockers, income, and employment.