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. 2021 Dec 7;10(24):e022332. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.022332

Figure 3. Fibrosis in patients with mitral valve repair correlates with activated cell types specific to peripapillary regions.

Figure 3

A, Immunohistochemistry (IHC) (white arrows, purple staining) shows increased α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and cluster of differentiation 206 positive (CD206+) macrophages within fibrotic areas (white, collagen) localized to peripapillary regions (arrows) of the left ventricle compared with in‐person apex tissue. Scant α‐SMA+ cells within capillaries are observed in apex tissue (arrowheads in A), and few macrophages are present within the apex (arrows). B through D, Quantification of IHC data shows 2‐ to 3‐fold increase in α‐SMA expression, a 3‐ to 5‐fold increase in cluster of differentiation 206 (CD206) macrophages, and ≈25% total CD206+ cells within the fibrotic peripapillary region compared with apex or septal in‐person control tissues. Scale bars=100 µm.