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. 2021 Dec 7;10(24):e022247. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.022247

Figure 5. Cfz treatment reduced the traction forces of human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs).

Figure 5

For quantification of molecular traction forces of spontaneously contracting cardiomyocytes, hiPSC‐CMs were treated for 1 day with Cfz and reseeded on the glass bottom microplates coated with the DNA probes through biotin streptavidin conjugation. A, Illustrative model of traction force measurement principle. The probes were decorated with peptide mimic (cRGDfk) of fibronectin, a fluorophore (Cy3B), and quencher (BHQ‐2). Fluorescence intensity of the probes on the surface increases upon rupturing of the probes when cells contract and apply a force to the probes greater than the force tolerance of around 56 pN. B, Summary of traction force measurement in hiPSC‐CMs treated with Cfz vs DMSO (n=20–30 cells). ****P<0.0001. C, Representative traction force microscopy of hiPSC‐CMs after Cfz treatment. Scale bar=12 µm. Cfz indicates carfilzomib; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; pN, pico newton; RICM, reflection interference contrast microscopy; and TGT, tension gauge tether.