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. 2021 Dec 10;10(24):e023417. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.023417

Figure 1. Temporal evolution of cardiac function analysis and improvement in mechanical abnormalities detection.

Figure 1

Noninvasive echocardiographic HDF analysis represents the latest evolution of cardiac deformation analysis. HDFs could greatly amplify mechanical abnormalities and place even minor kinetic dysfunction within detectable range. EF indicates ejection fraction; GLS, global longitudinal strain; HDF, hemodynamic force; IVC, isovolumic contraction; IVR, isovolumic relaxation; and LV, left ventricle.