Table 1.
Patient Characteristics Across Quartiles of Mean LA Voltage
| Variables |
Q1 (<4.2 mV) n=35 |
Q2 (4.2–5.6 mV) n=35 |
Q3 (5.7–7.0 mV) n=35 |
Q4 (≥7.1 mV) n=35 |
Control n=13 |
P for trend in Q1–Q4 | P value, Q4 vs control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 73±8 | 71±6 | 68±8 | 62±13 | 55±10 | <0.001* | 0.059 |
| Females, n (%) | 18 (51) | 11 (31) | 9 (26) | 4 (11) | 5 (38) | 0.001* | 0.047* |
| Non‐PAF, n (%) | 29 (83) | 22 (63) | 18 (51) | 14 (40) | … | <0.001* | … |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.1±3.4 | 25.3±3.3 | 24.0±4.1 | 25.3±3.9 | 23.9±5.1 | 0.749 | 0.358 |
| History of cerebral infarction | 4 (11) | 1 (3) | 4 (11) | 3 (9) | 0 (0) | 1.000 | 0.552 |
| History of congestive heart failure, n (%) | 9 (26) | 5 (14) | 5 (14) | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | 0.026* | 1.000 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 20 (57) | 20 (57) | 14 (40) | 16 (46) | 1 (8) | 0.173 | 0.018* |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 6 (17) | 4 (11) | 4 (11) | 9 (26) | 1 (8) | 0.358 | 0.247 |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc score (IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0 (0–1) | <0.001* | 0.009* |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 51±21 | 58±18 | 61±17 | 65±18 | 69±9 | 0.001* | 0.242 |
| LVEF, % | 61±12 | 65±11 | 63±14 | 70±11 | 68±7 | <0.001* | 0.380 |
| LA diameter, mm | 42±5 | 43±6 | 39±5 | 38±6 | 34±6 | <0.001* | 0.094 |
| LA volume, mL | 174±47 | 169±44 | 140±38 | 141±45 | … | <0.001* | … |
| LA volume/BSA, mL/m2 | 108±26 | 99±23 | 84±19 | 78±22 | … | <0.001* | … |
| Global LA voltage (VGLA), mV | 3.0±0.8 | 4.9±0.4 | 6.3±0.4 | 8.5±1.3 | 8.5±1.0 | <0.001* | 0.946 |
| Atrial biopsy, n | 4 | 7 | 7 | 10 | … | … | |
| %fibrosis, % | 13.9±2.8 | 9.2±4.1 | 7.1±3.8 | 5.1±2.9 | … | <0.001* | … |
| Voltage at biopsy site, mV | 5.8±0.4 | 8.4±1.4 | 9.2±1.8 | 11.8±2.7 | … | <0.001* | … |
*Significant value (P < 0.05).
AT indicates atrial tachycardia; BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range; LA, left atrium; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PAF, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; Q1–4, first to fourth quartile; and RA, right atrium.