Table 4.

Contribution of Cardiac Structure and Function and Comorbidities to the Risk of death or HF in the Population With Diabetes

	HR (95% CI)	Attenuation of association (95% CI), %
Diabetes (vs no diabetes)	1.71 (1.51–1.92)	Reference
+ LV structure	1.56 (1.38–1.77)	15 (8 to 24)
+ Systolic function	1.63 (1.44–1.85)	20 (14 to 29)
+ Diastolic function	1.68 (1.48–1.90)	6 (−0.1 to 15)
+ All cardiac structure and function	1.58 (1.39–1.79)	16 (6 to 29)
+ Comorbidities	1.42 (1.24–1.63)	34 (18 to 54)

Attenuation of association is the proportion of the association between diabetes and the risk of death or HF that can be accounted for by listed parameters of cardiac structure and function or clinical characteristics, adjusting for demographics. Analyses are restricted to participants with available measurements of cardiac structure and function. Demographics: age, sex, race/center. Left ventricular structure parameters include left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular mass, and interventricular septum. Systolic function parameters include global longitudinal strain. Diastolic function parameters include left atrial volume index and E/e′. Comorbidities include demographics+log‐total cholesterol, log low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, statins medication, history of hypertension, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, QRS interval, estimated glomerular filtration rate, body mass index, smoking status, history of coronary artery disease, prevalent HF, heart valve disease, and history of implantable cardiac defibrillator/pacemaker. HF indicates heart failure; HR, hazard ratio; and LV, left ventricle.