Table 3.
Language Profiles on the CCC-2, by Diagnostic Group.
| CCC-2 scaled scores, X (SD) | ASD n = 101 |
TD n = 28 |
ADHD N= 45 |
ANOVA Fa, P, η2 post-hoc testsb |
ANCOVA 1§ Fc, P, partial η2 post-hoc testsd |
ANCOVA 2§§ Fc, P, partial η2 post-hoc testsd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCC | 45.21 (14.9) | 91.89 (8.5) | 75.22 (15.1) | 187.6; < 0.001;0.640 ASD<ADHD<TD |
116.8; < 0.001;0.586 ASD<ADHD<TD |
– |
| A: Speech | 7.16 (3.6) | 10.68 (2.0) | 10.20 (2.8) | 30.4; < 0.001;0.201 ASD<ADHD, TD |
11.2; < 0.001;0.119 ASD<ADHD, TD |
– |
| B: Syntax | 7.06 (3.0) | 11.11 (1.9) | 10.11 (2.5) | 45.6; < 0.001;0.290 ASD<ADHD, TD |
21.9; < 0.001;0.210 ASD<ADHD, TD |
– |
| C: Semantics | 6.38 (2.6) | 11.43 (1.7) | 9.40 (2.7) | 63.6; < 0.001;0.387 ASD<ADHD<TD |
37.5; < 0.001;0.313 ASD<ADHD<TD |
– |
| D: Coherence | 5.16 (2.8) | 11.29 (1.7) | 8.82 (2.6) | 92.5; < 0.001;0.467 ASD<ADHD<TD |
55.9; < 0.001;0.404 ASD<ADHD<TD |
– |
| E: Initiation | 5.14 (2.4) | 12.50 (2.3) | 8.62 (2.7) | 107.6; < 0.001;0.559 ASD<ADHD<TD |
85.4; < 0.001;0.509 ASD<ADHD<TD |
35.4; < 0.001;0.302 ASD<ADHD<TD |
| F: Scripted Language | 5.41 (2.3) | 11.96 (1.5) | 9.40 (2.0) | 164.7; < 0.001;0.608 ASD<ADHD<TD |
106.9; < 0.001;0.564 ASD<ADHD<TD |
41.3; < 0.001;0.335 ASD<ADHD<TD |
| G: Context | 4.97 (2.4) | 11.79 (1.6) | 9.98 (2.0) | 196.9; < 0.001;0.645 ASD<ADHD<TD |
118.1; < 0.001;0.589 ASD<ADHD<TD |
45.9; < 0.001;0.359 ASD<ADHD<TD |
| H: Nonverbal Communication | 3.93 (2.3) | 11.14 (1.6) | 8.69 (2.8) | 145.3; < 0.001;0.611 ASD<ADHD<TD |
108.1; < 0.001;0.567 ASD<ADHD<TD |
41.1; < 0.001;0.334 ASD<ADHD<TD |
| Structural composite score (A, B, C, D) | 6.44 (2.4) | 11.12 (1.1) | 9.63 (2.1) | 93.0; < 0.001;0.444 ASD<ADHD<TD |
46.9; < 0.001;0.363 ASD<ADHD<TD |
– |
| Pragmatic composite score (E, F, G, H) | 4.86 (1.8) | 11.85 (1.3) | 9.17 (2.0) | 240.4; < 0.001;0.716 ASD<ADHD<TD |
170.2; < 0.001;0.674 ASD<ADHD<TD |
79.8; < 0.001;0.493 ASD<ADHD<TD |
Notes:
§:
with IQ as covariate
§§:
with IQ and the CCC-2 Structural composite score as covariates
a:
Brown-Forsythe F
b:
Games-Howell tests; ‘<‘or ‘>’ denotes a significant (<0.01) mean difference between groups, a ‘,’ denotes no significant difference
c:
F associated with Diagnostic group in ANCOVA
d:
pairwise comparisons of estimated marginal means with Least Significant Difference.