Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics Among Participants With CES‐D Score ≥9 and Quartiles of CES‐D Scores <9
| Characteristic | CES‐D Score 0–1 (n=1990) | CES‐D Score 2 (n=865) | CES‐D Score 3–4 (n=1074) | CES‐D Score 5–8 (n=870) | CES‐D Score ≥9 (n=287) | P Value | Adjusted P Value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 74.9±4.9 | 75.3±5.0 | 75.8±5.2 | 75.9±5.3 | 75.3±5.3 | 0.001 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.1±5.0 | 28.0±5.1 | 28.6±5.6 | 28.7±6.0 | 29.9±6.0 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Men, n (%) | 928 (47) | 377 (44) | 401 (37) | 279 (32) | 92 (32) | 0.001 | |
| Black, Asian, and Native American, n (%) | 369 (19) | 146 (17) | 180 (17) | 228 (26) | 84 (29) | 0.001 | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.004 | 0.001 | |||||
| Current smoker | 85 (5) | 46 (6) | 75 (8) | 57 (7) | 31 (12) | ||
| Ever smoker | 943 (51) | 407 (56) | 486 (50) | 398 (50) | 124 (50) | ||
| Never smoker | 816 (44) | 337 (43) | 412 (42) | 335 (42) | 94 (38) | ||
| Drinking status, n (%) | 0.001 | 0.001 | |||||
| Current drinker | 1105 (57) | 475 (56) | 533 (51) | 339 (41) | 96 (36) | ||
| Ever drinker | 469 (24) | 194 (23) | 302 (29) | 289 (35) | 98 (36) | ||
| Never drinker | 366 (19) | 174 (21) | 210 (20) | 209 (25) | 76 (28) | ||
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 115 (6) | 44 (5) | 71 (7) | 54 (6) | 19 (7) | 0.30 | 0.17 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1556 (78) | 690 (80) | 882 (82) | 744 (86) | 251 (88) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 594 (30) | 295 (34) | 371 (35) | 345 (40) | 139 (48) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| History of MI, n (%) | 110 (6) | 75 (9) | 83 (8) | 66 (8) | 23 (9) | 0.01 | 0.006 |
| CHD, n (%) | 183 (9) | 106 (13) | 118 (11) | 83 (10) | 25 (9) | 0.81 | 0.11 |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 41 (2) | 22 (3) | 28 (3) | 34 (4) | 11 (4) | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 61±10 | 62±10 | 63±11 | 64±10 | 66±12 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 130±18 | 131±17 | 130±18 | 132±18 | 130±18 | 0.008 | 0.41 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 67±10 | 66±10 | 66±11 | 67±11 | 67±10 | 0.87 | 0.57 |
| eGFR, mL/min /1.73 m2 | 71.8±15.7 | 71.1±15.8 | 70.5±16.8 | 69.4±17.8 | 68.9±17.5 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Income, n (%) | 0.001 | 0.001 | |||||
| ≤$15 999 | 149 (8) | 103 (13) | 139 (14) | 162 (20) | 72 (28) | ||
| $16 000–$34 999 | 409 (22) | 200 (25) | 305 (31) | 263 (33) | 96 (37) | ||
| ≥$35 000 | 1269 (70) | 491 (62) | 547 (55) | 368 (46) | 93 (36) | ||
| Education, n (%) | 0.001 | 0.001 | |||||
| Basic or no education (≤11 y) | 150 (8) | 101 (12) | 130 (12) | 132 (15) | 78 (27) | ||
| Intermediate education (12–16 y) | 726 (37) | 374 (43) | 513 (48) | 395 (45) | 138 (48) | ||
| Advanced education (17–21 y) | 1107 (56) | 389 (45) | 431 (40) | 343 (39) | 70 (25) | ||
| Physical activity, n (%) | 0.001 | 0.001 | |||||
| Ideal | 1144 (58) | 457 (54) | 505 (48) | 347 (41) | 80 (29) | ||
| Intermediate | 326 (17) | 166 (20) | 198 (19) | 198 (24) | 56 (21) | ||
| Poor | 491 (25) | 226 (27) | 353 (33) | 299 (35) | 137 (50) | ||
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL | 108 (58–210) | 125 (63–239) | 131 (67–231) | 137 (72–266) | 138 (59–266) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| hs‐TnT, ng/L | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 1 (0.7–1.5) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 1.0 (0.8–1.6) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| hs‐CRP, mg/L | 1.8 (0.9–3.6) | 1.9 (0.9–4.1) | 2.0 (1.0–4.2) | 2.2 (1.0–4.3) | 2.5 (1.1–6.1) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Values are mean±SD, number (percentage), or median (quartile 1–quartile 3). BMI indicates body mass index; BP, blood pressure; bpm, beats per minute; CES‐D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CHD, coronary heart disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; hs‐CRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; hs‐TnT, high‐sensitivity troponin T; MI, myocardial infarction; and NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide.
*
Adjusted for demographics (age, sex, race, and field center).